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0 بررسی اثر دما و دبی هوای ورودی بر انرژی مصرفی و نرخ خشک شدن سه رقم شلتوک در خشک‌کن بستر سیال Effect of air temperature and flow rate on energy consumption and drying rate of three paddy varieties in fluidized bed dryer https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_66804.html 10.22059/ijbse.2017.142384.664730 0      با توسعه خشک­کن­های مدرن شلتوک علاوه بر سرعت بخشیدن به عملیات خشک کردن، می توان میزان ضایعات و به ویژه انرژی مصرفی را به حداقل ممکن کاهش داد. در این تحقیق اثر دمای هوا، دبی هوای ورودی و نوع رقم و همچنین اثر متقابلشان بر انرژی مصرفی و نرخ خشک شدن شلتوک در یک خشک­کن بستر سیال بررسی شد. دمای هوای ورودی در چهار سطح 45، 50، 55 و 60 درجه سلسیوس، دبی هوا در سه سـطح 12/0، 14/0 و 16/0 متر مکعب بر ثانیه و نوع  رقم شلتوک؛ طارم محلی، فجر و شیرودی در نظر گرفته شده و آزمایشات به صورت فاکتوریل سه فاکتوره 3×3×4، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و در سه تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان دادند که در هر سه رقم مورد آزمایش، با افزایش دمای هوای ورودی علاوه بر اینکه انرژی مصرفی کاهش یافته، نرخ خشک شدن نیز بطور معنی­داری افزایش یافته است. در دمای 45 و 50 درجه سلسیوس، افزایش دبی هوا تاثیر معنی­داری بر نرخ خشک شدن شلتوک نداشته ولی در دمای 55 و 60 درجه سلسیوس با افزایش دبی نرخ خشک شدن نیز بطور معنی­داری افزایش یافته است. همچنین نتایج نشان دادند که با افزایش دبی هوا ، انرژی مصرفی افزایش یافته است. 1 With the development of modern drying paddy in addition to speed up the drying process, and in particular the amount of waste can be reduced to the minimum possible energy consumption. In this study was investigate the effect of input air temperature, input air flow rate and variety also their interaction on energy consumption and drying rate in the fluidized bed dryer. The parameters of input air temperature at 4 levels of 45, 50, 55 and 60 °C, the air flow rate at 3 levels of 0/12, 0/14 and 0/16 m3/s and variety of paddy at 3 levels Tarom, Fajr and Shirudi was considered and tests was done in three replication in form of a 3×3×4 the 3-factor factorial design. The results indicated that In all three varieties tested, by increasing the intake air temperature as well as reduced energy consumption, drying rate also increased significantly. At 45 and 50 ° C, increasing air flow grain drying had no significant effect on the rate  But at 55 and 60 ° C by increasing the flow rate of drying significantly increased. The results showed that by increasing air flow, increased energy consumption. 161 170 ولی کلیکانلو Vali Kelikanlou دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد/ گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان. ایران vali660@gmail.com محمد هاشم رحمتی Mohammad Hashem Rahmati عضو هیأت علمی (دانشیار)/ گروه مکانیک ماشین های کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی آب و خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان ایران hmrahmati@yahoo.com محمدرضا علیزاده Mohammad Reza Alizadeh عضو هیئت علمی (دانشیار)/ مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران. ایران alizadeh_mohammadreza@yahoo.com شلتوک خشک کن بستر سیال دبی هوا نرخ خشک کردن انرژی مصرفی Abdelmotaleb, A., El-Kholy, M. M., Abou-El-Hana, H. & Younis, M. A. (2009). Thin layer drying garlic slices using convection and (convection- infrared) heating modes. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 29(1), 181-251##Akpinar, E., Midilii, A. & Bicer, Y. (2003). 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ASAE Standard S352.2: moisture measurement-unground grain and seeds in ASAE standards 2000, St. Joseph, MI.##Bonazzi, C., Du Peuty, M. A. & Themelin, A. (1997). Influence of drying conditions on the processing quality of rough rice. Drying Technology, 3&4(15), 1141-1157.##Corzo, O., Bracho, N., Vasquez, A. & Pereira, A. (2008). Energy and exergy analyses of thin layer drying of coroba slices. Journal of Food Engineering, 86(2), 151-161.##Doymaz, I. (2004). Convective air drying characteristics of thin layer carrots. Journal of Food Engineering, 61, 359-364.##Fellows, P. (2000). Food processing technology: principles and practice. Second edition. Poblished by CRC press.##Feng, H. & Tang, J. (1998). Microwave finish drying of diced apples in a spouted bed. Journal of Food Science, 63, 238-251.##Hagh-Khah, A. & Maghsoudlou, E. (2006). Study of the paddy height on dryer and the effect of drying temperature on fracture grain of rice in Gorgan Shalikoubi. In: Proceedings of 16th National Congress of Iran Food Industry (1st Regional Congress), 12-13 Apr., Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. (In Farsi)##Jia, C. C., Sun, D. W. & Cao, C. W. (2000). Mathematical simulation of stresses within a corn kernel during drying. Drying Technology, 18, 887-906.##Karim, M. A. & Hawlader, M. N. A. (2005). Drying characteristics of banana: theoretical modelling and experimental validation. Journal of Food Engineering, 70, 35-45.##Khoshtaqaza, M. H., Sadeghi, M. & Amiri-Chayjan, R. (2007). Study the rough rice drying process in fixed and fluidized bed conditions. Journal of Agriculture Science and Natural Research, 14(2), 127-136. (In Farsi)##Kunii, D. & Levenspiel, O. (1991). Fluidization Engineering. New York: Butterworth Heinemann, USA.##Malekjani, N. (2011). Design and modeling of a laboratory scale fluidized bed canola dryer and evaluation of oilseeds quality attributes. M. Sc. thesis. 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0 شبیه سازی عددی تغییرات فشار و سرعت جریان گازهای آلاینده دامداری‌‌ها در بستر بیوفیلتر Numerical simulation of changes in pressure and flow velocity of pollutant gases in a bio filter bed in animal husbandry https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_66805.html 10.22059/ijbse.2017.200681.664738 0 این پژوهش با هدف دستیابی به مقادیر تغییرات فشار استاتیکی، دینامیکی و سرعت جریان گاز برای سه سطح مقطع مختلف بیوفیلترها صورت گرفته است. عامل‌های مورد مطالعه شامل دبی جریان گاز، سطح مقطع‌های مورد مطالعه (ذوزنقه، مربعی و دایره)، موقعیت عمودی (خط مرکز بستر، خط جلو و خط عقب) در چهار محدوده ارتفاعی از کف بستر بیوفیلتر (بخش اول0 تا 75/16 سانتی‌متر، بخش دوم 75/16 تا25/29سانتی‌متر، بخش سوم 25/29 تا75/41 سانتی‌متر و بخش چهارم 75/41 تا 5/58 سانتی‌متر ) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج مربوط به مطالعه‌ی فشار و سرعت در سه سطح مقطع بیانگر کمترین مقدار میانگین فشار دینامیکی و استاتیکی در مقطع مربعی بود و میانگین سرعت به دلیل نبود گوشه‌ حاده در مقطع دایره بیشتر بود. تغییرات فشار در محدوده‌های مختلف بستر بیوفیلتر روند کاهشی را نشان داد، به نحوی که مقدار میانگین افت فشار دینامیکی و افت فشار استاتیکی در این محدوده‌ها به ترتیب برابر 9/87 و 4/44 درصد بدست آمد. این در حالی است که مقدار فشار دینامیکی در مقطع دایره‌ای بیشتر بود. در خط مرکز مقدار فشار دینامیکی بیشتر از سایر موقعیت‌ها تحت مطالعه بود، به نحوی که میانگین مقدار فشار دینامیکی در موقعیت مرکز برابر با 5-10×509/1 پاسکال، در گوشه عقبی معادل6-10×481/2  پاسکال و در موقعیت گوشه جلویی 6-10×502/2 پاسکال بدست آمد. 1 This research has focused on study of changing static and dynamic pressure and velocity values in three levels of different bio filter cross sections. The studied factors included gas flow rate, cross sectional area (trapezoidal, square and circular), vertical position (bed center line, front line and rear end) in four elevation ranges from the bottom of the bio filter bed (the first part 0 to 16.75 cm, the second part 16.75 to 29.25 cm, the third part 29.25 to 41.75 cm and the fourth part was 41.75 to 58.5 cm) was examined. The results of studying the pressure and velocity in the three cross sections showed the lowest mean of dynamic and static pressure in the square section and the mean speed was higher due to the absence of the corner at the cross section. The variations of pressure in different ranges of bio filter bed showed a decreasing trend, so that the average of dynamic pressure drop and static pressure drop in these ranges were 87.9 and 44.4%, respectively. While the maximum dynamic pressure has obtained from circle section. At the locations assumed in this study, the maximum average of dynamic pressure estimated 1.509×10-5 Pa at center line. For the other locations the average dynamic pressure obtained 2.502×10-6 Pa at front line and 2.481×10-6 Pa at back line. 171 179 محمد علی اشرف Mohammad Aliashraf دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم ایران amohammad44@yahoo.com علی ملکی Ali Maleki عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه شهرکرد ایران maleki@agr.sku.ac.ir مهدی قاسمی ورنامخواستی Mahdi Ghasemi Varnamkhasti استادیار و عضو هیات علمی گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم دانشگاه شهرکرد ایران mahdi.ghasemy@gmail.com فرزاد مهدیه بروجنی Farzad Mahdiye Broujeni دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم ، دانشگاه شهرکرد ایران 1404.farzad@gmail.com شبیه‌سازی جریان گاز فشار سطح مقطع فشار دینامیکی Ardjmand, M., Safekordi, A. & Farjadfard S. (2005) Simulation of bio filter used for removal of air contaminants.  International journal of environment science technology. 2(1), 69-82.##Atia, A., Kozyra, K. H. & Amrani, M. (2008) Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emission from livestock production. Alberta agriculture. Food and royal development. 227-240.##Damari, B., Ahmadi Pishkuhi, M. & Abdollahi, Z. (2015) Policy Brief for Reducing Contaminants and Residual Pesticides in Iran's Agricultural Crops. Community Health. 2(4),256-65 (in Farsi).##Farjah, A. & Haidariyan, M. (2010) Hydrogen sulphide removal by surface bio filter. Journal of Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology. 1(1), 117-101 (In Farsi)##Hosseinzadeh Ajarlou, H. (2011) Modeling and simulation of biological filter for the removal of organic pollutants. Oil, Gas, and Energy,2, 19-27. (In Farsi)##Iranpour, R, Cox, H. H. J., Deshusses, M. A. & Schroder, E. D. (2005). Literature review of air pollution control bio filters and bio trickling filters for odor and volatile organic compound removal. Enviromental process. 24(3), 254-267.##Jani,  F. & Dadvar, M.  (2008) Bio filter network modeling in purifying gas streams infused with aromatic compounds Iranian Chemical Engineering Journal, 6, 34##Jiang, X. & Tay, J. H. (2011) Removal mechanisms of H2S using exhausted carbon in bio filtration. Journal of Hazadous materials. 185,1543-1549.##Keshavarzi, H.,  Turkian, A., Azimi, A. & Mehrdadi, N. (2008) Treatment of industrial pollutants by biofiltration. International Journal of Engineering, University of Elmo Sanat. 19(9), 81-75 (In Farsi)##Lebrero, R., Lopez, J. C., Lehtinen, L. & Perez, R. (2015) Exploring the potential of fungi for methane abatement: performance evaluation of a fungal-bacterial. Chemoapher. 144, 97-106.##Maia, G. D. N., Day, V. G. B., Gates, R. S., & Taraba J. L. (2011) Ammonia bio filtration and nitrous oxide generation during the start-up of gas-phase compost bio filters. Atmospheric Environment 46, 659-664.##Masoudinejad, M., Leili, M., Adibzadeh, A. & Khatibi, M. (2008). Effect of filler materials on bio filter columns on air hydrogen sulfide. Journal of Pazhohandeh. 13(5), 415-405 (In Farsi).##Meena, V., Rajendran, L., Kumar, S. & JansiRani, P. G. (2015) Mathematical modeling of gas phase and biofilm phase biofilter performance. Egyption Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 156,102-114.##Mehrara, F., Talaei, M. & Assadollahi, M. A. (2011) The Mathematical modeling of bio filter performance in hydrogen sulfide removal from airflow. Journal of Health System Research. 7 (2), 247-256 (in Farsi).##Rabbani, K. A., Challes, W.& Kayaalp, A. (2015) Pilot-scale bio filter for the simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulphide and ammonia at a waste water treatment. Biochemical Engineering Journal.107, 1-10.##Rahimi, A. & Sami, S. (2013) Mathematical modeling of hydrogen sulfide gas removal in a bio filter.  Environmental Sciences and Technology, 15(58), 31-41 (in Farsi).##Schwarz, B. (2001) Studies in bio filtration for cleanup of landfill gas. Chemical Engineering Fac. USC. Ph.D. Thesis.##Seifi, A. (1998) Hydrogen sulfide removal by biofiltration. Master's thesis for chemistry-biotechnology. Tarbiyat Modares University (in Farsi).##Shareefdeen, Z. & Singh, A. (2005) Biotechnology for odor and pollution control. Springer Berlin.##Taghipour, H., Shah Mansouri, M., Bina, B. & Mohadahian H. (2010). Biological survey of ammonia gas and hydrogen sulphide blend from influenced gas flow using bio filter system with hard plastic compact bed and compost. Application of chemistry in the environment. 1(4), 58-49. (In Farsi)##Vedova, L. D. (2008) Bio filtration of industrial waste gases in trickling-bed bioreactors. Ph.D. Dissertation. University a deli studies di pad ova. Italy.##Wylie, V.L. (1985) Fluid Mechanics, 8th Ed., McGraw- Hill, New York.##

0 شبیه سازی تأثیر زوایای مختلف ارتعاشی بر عملکرد زیرشکن ارتعاشی و خاک با استفاده از روش المان‌های گسسته Modeling the effect of different oscillation angles on the oscillatory tine performance using Discrete Element Method https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_66806.html 10.22059/ijbse.2018.216690.664853 0  برهم‌­کنش بین خاک و ماشین چالشی اساسی برای محققان، توسعه دهنده­گان، سازندگان و طراحان ماشین­های کشاورزی است. مدلسازی ادوات شخم زنی کاری اساسی در مهندسی است. هرچند که مدلسازی برهم کنش ­های بین خاک و ماشین به علت تغییرات سه­بعدی خاک، رفتارغیرخطی خاک، پدیده برخورد و جریان­پذیری خاک منطقه فصل مشترک (ارتباط) بین خاک و ادوات و تاثیرات دینامیکی فرآیندی پیچیده است. شبیه‌سازی صحیح بر هم کنش بین خاک و ادوات کلید اساسی برای این بهینه‌­سازی است و ممکن است نیاز به تست­های مزرعه­ای زیاد با هزینه­های گران را حذف کند. هدف این پژوهش توسعه مدل سه بعدی یک زیرشکن ارتعاشی با استفاده از روش المان­های گسسته ، شبیه­سازی تاثیر زوایای مختلف ارتعاشی بر عملکرد زیرشکن و تعیین پارامترهای تاثیر­گذار بر نتایج شبیه­سازی بود. برای مدلسازی توده­ی خاک به عنوان یک ماده­ی گرانوله­ای، از برنامه­ی رایانه­ای PFC3D استفاده شده است. تیغه تحت سرعت زاویه­ای و انتقالی در جهت مثبت محور x در داخل سویل­بین به حرکت در آمد. برای تیغه غیر­ارتعاشی تنها سرعت انتقالی و برای تیغه ارتعاشی علاوه بر سرعت انتقالی، سرعت زاویه­ای نیز تعریف شده بود. عمق کاری تیغه زیرشکن 38سانتی­متر و سرعت انتقالی 89/0 متربرثانیه انتخاب شده بود. برای بررسی تاثیر زاویه ارتعاش بر عملکرد زیرشکن از زوایای ارتعاشی 27، 16، 8، صفر، 5/14- و 5/22- درجه در فرکانس 9/4 هرتز و دامنه69± میلی‌متر استفاده گردید. با افزایش زاویه ارتعاشی (مثبت و منفی)، میزان جابجایی عمودی تیغه در یک سیکل افزایش می­یابد و در نتیجه حرکت بالاروی تیغه باعث گسیختگی بیشتر خاک می­گردد. با توجه به نتایج شبیه­سازی، میزان کار مرزی، انرژی جنبشی و کار اصطکاکی در زوایای ارتعاشی مثبت بیشتر از زوایای ارتعاشی منفی بود و با افزایش بیشتر در زوایای منفی کارمرزی و اصطکاکی کاهش بیشتری داشت. با تغییر زاویه از 5/22- به 27 درجه میانگین انرژی پیوندی ذرات کاهش یافت. 1 Interaction between soil and machine is essential challenge for researchers, developers, designers and manufacturers of agricultural machineries. Modeling of tillage equipment is an important Engineering work. However, interaction modeling is a complex process due to three-dimensional changes in soil, nonlinear soil behavior phenomenon and soil flow quality in connection area between the soil and tool and the dynamic effects of equipment. Correct simulation of the interaction of soil is the key point for the optimization of tillage tools and can eliminate required field tests with high costs. The purpose of this study is to develop a three-dimensional model of a vibrating subsoiler using discrete element method, simulation frequency and oscillation angle on the performance of vibration subsoiler and determining different parameters affecting the simulation results. The information from model simulation will be useful for the design and optimization of vibrating subsoiler. For modeling soil mass as a granular material, the computer program PFC3D. Blade was moved with angular and transition speed in the positive x-axis direction. For non-vibrating blade only included transition speed and for vibration blade in addition to transition speed, angular velocity was also defined. Working depth was 38 cm and blade speed of 0.89 meters per second was defined. To evaluate the effect of vibration angle on vibrating subsoiler different vibration of 27, 16, 8, zero,-14.5,-22.5 degrees in frequency of 4.9 Hz and amplitude of ± 69 amplitude was tested by simulation. In all vibration tests in comparison with non-vibrating,with Increasing vibration angle (positive and negative), the amount of vertical displacement of blade increased which caused more soil rupture. Simulation results showed that the rate of boundary work, kinetic energy and friction work at positive angles were more than negative vibration angles. With increasing negative angle boundary work and friction work significantly decreased. Changing the angle from -22.5 to 27 degrees decreased average bond energy of particles. 181 194 ناصر کانیاوی naser kanyawi کارشناس ارشد مکانیک ماشین های کشاورزی ایران naserkanyawi@gmail.com غلامحسین شاهقلی gholamhossein shahgholi دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی ایران gshahgoli@yahoo.com روش المان گسسته زیرشکن ارتعاشی نیروی کشش شبیه‌سازی عددی Asaf, Z., Rubinstein, D., Shmulevich, I. (2006). Evaluation of link-track performances using DEM. Journal of Terramechanics. 43, 141-161.##Asaf, Z., Rubinstein, D., Shmulevich, I. 2007. Determination of discrete element model parameters required for soil tillage. Soil and Tillage Research. 92, 227-242.##Coetzee, C. J., Els, D. N. J. (2009). Calibration of granular material parameters for DEM modelling and numerical verification by blade-granular material interaction. Journal of Terramechanics. 46(1), 15-26.##Franco, Y., Rubinestein, D., Shmulevich, I. (2006). Prediction of soil–bulldozer blade interaction using Discrete Element Method. Trans. ASABE. 50(2): 345-353.##Eggenmuller, A. (1958). Oscillation tools for soil cultivation:Kinematics and testing of single model tools. Grundlagen der. Landtechnik. 10, 55-70.##Itasca manual, (2006b). PFC3D User’s Manual, Version 3.1., Itasca Consulting Group Inc., Minneapolis, Minn, USA.##Sakai,K., Hata,S.I., Takai, M., Nambu, S. (1993). Design parameters of four-shank vibrating subsoiler. Trans. ASAE. 36(1):23-26.##Shahgoli, G., Saunders, C., Desbiolles, J., Fielke, J. 2009. The effect of oscillation angle on the performance of oscillatory tillage. Soil and Tillage Research, 104(1), 97-105.##Upadhyaya SK, Rosa UA, Wulfsohn D, 2002. Application of the finite element method in agricultural soil mechanics. Adv Soil Dynamics, 2, 117-153.##Shmulevich, I, (2010). State of the art modeling of soil–tillage interaction using discrete element method. Soil and Tillage Research. 111, 41-53.##Van der linde, J. (2007). Discrete element modelling of vibratory subsoiler. Master thesis, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.##   ##

0 امکان سنجی استفاده از ویژگیهای خازنی برای تعیین میزان رسیدگی سیب Feasability of using electrical capacitance for determining the fruit ripeness of apple https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_66809.html 10.22059/ijbse.2018.218246.664861 0 درجه‌بندی محصولات کشاورزی بر اساس رسیدگی برای بسیاری از میوه ها و سبزیجات از اهمیت ویژه­ای برخوردار است. روش‌های مختلفی برای تشخیص میزان رسیدگی میوه به کار گرفته شده است که بعضی مخرب و برخی دیگر غیر مخرب هستند. در این تحقیق برای تعیین رسیدگی میوه‌ی سیب در دوران انبارمانی بر اساس ویژگی‌های ظرفیت خازنی ابتدا یک سامانه‌ی آزمایشگاهی به منظور اندازه‌گیری ظرفیت حسگر خازنی طراحی و ساخته شد. سپس مدلی برای استخراج ثابت دی‌الکتریک سیب پیشنهاد گردید و در ادامه رابطه‌ی بین ثابت دی‌الکتریک و میزان رسیدگی میوه بررسی شد. نمونه‌ها از سیب پائیزه رقم رد دلیشز و گلدن دلیشز انتخاب شدند. تمام نمونه‌های بالغ در یک روز برداشت شدند و هر کدام از ارقام به سه گروه 45 تایی، و هر گروه به سه دسته 15 تایی کوچک، متوسط و بزرگ تقسیم شدند. ثابت دی‌الکتریک سیب در طی رسیدن میوه در شرایط کنترل شده دما و رطوبت اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج  این مرحله نشان داد ثابت دی‌الکتریک در طی رسیدن میوه کاهش می‌یابد. به عبارت دیگر در بسامد kHz 100 ثابت دی‌الکتریک در طی رسیدن میوه روند کاهشی منظمی را دنبال کرده و ازین رو این اطلاعات ذیقیمت است. ادامه­ی مطالعات از جمله بررسی رابطه "زمان رسیدن- میزان مواد جامد محلول" و "زمان رسیدن – استحکام" در این بسامد انجام گرفت. نتایج این مرحله نشان داد که استحکام در طی رسیدن میوه روند کاهشی دارد و میزان مواد جامد محلول (TSS) در طی مراحل رسیدن روند افزایشی را طی می کند. 1 Grading based on product ripeness is important for marketing fruits and vegetables. Various methods have been used to determine fruit ripeness some of which are destructive and some nondestructive. In this study for determining the fruit ripeness of apple during storage an apparatus was designed and fabricated to measure the electrical capacitance of the fruit samples as an indication of fruit ripeness. In the next stage a model was proposed to establish a relationship between the capacitance and ripeness (maturity rate) of the apple fruits. The capacitance unit was used to measure the dielectric constant of two apple varieties; Red delicious and Golden Delicious. For each variety three fruit samples of 45 mature apples were harvested on one day. Each sample was divided into three groups of small, medium and large apples.  Preliminary tests indicated that the capacitance unit can establish a good relationship between dielectric constant and fruit ripeness at a frequency of 100 kHz. Remaining tests were conducted to measure dielectric constants of all samples under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity at this frequency. Analyses of the results indicated that dielectric constant decreases as the fruit ripens. This frequency level was also used to conduct other tests for measuring the fruit hardness and total soluble solids (TSS) during ripening stage. Results indicated that fruit hardness decreases and TSS increases during ripening. 203 195 علی حیاتی Ali Haiati دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشگاه شیراز ایران a.rezaei1359@gmail.com محمدحسین رئوفت Mohamad Hosein Raofat استاد گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشگاه شیراز ایران loghavi@shirazu.ac.ir سعادت کامگار Saadat Kamgar استادیار گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم دانشگاه شیراز ایران kamgar@shirazu.ac.ir فیروز جهانی Firooz Jahani دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشگاه شیراز ایران artsh1389@gmail.com سیب حسگر خازنی بسامد درجه بندی میوه Abbott, J. A., Bachman, G. S., Childers, N. F., Fitzgerald, J. V. and Matuski, F. J. (1968). Sonic techniques for measuring texture of fruits and vegetables. Food Technology, 22 (5), 101-112.##Bengtsson, N. E. and Risman, P. O. (1971). Dielectric properties of food at 3 GHz as determined by a cavity perturbation technique. Journal of Microwave Power, 6(2), 107-123.##Dunlap, W. C., and Makower B. (1945). Radio frequency dielectric properties of dehydrated carrots. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 49, 601-622.##Jalili, Kh. (2004). Postharvest physiology (Vol. 2). (p 229).Orumieh University. (In Farsi)##Joyce, D. C., Hockings, P. D., Mazucco, R. A., and Shorter A. J. (2002). H-nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of ripening ‘Kensington Pride’ mango fruit. Functional Plant Biology, 29, 873-879.##Kato, K. (1997). Electrical density sorting and estimation of soluble solids content of watermelon. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 67, 161 – 170.##Li, M., Slaughter, C. D. and Thompson, J. F. (1997). Optical chlorophyll sensing system for banana ripening. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 12, 273–283##Nelson, S. O., Guo, W., Trabelsi, S. and J Kays, S. (2007). Dielectric spectroscopy of watermelons for quality sensing. Measurments science technology, 18: 1887–1892. 15.##Sirikulrat, k. and Sirikulrat, N. (2008). Dielectric properties of different maturity soybean. KMITL Science Journal, 8 (2), 12-18.##Talai, A. (1998). Fruit trees physiology in temperate regions. Tehran University publication. (In Farsi)##Zachariah, G. and Louis, C. (1965). Evaluation of some physical methods for determining avocado maturity. Erickson California Avocado Society, Yearbook 49, 110-115.##

0 تاثیر روش‌های مختلف خاک‌ورزی، کاربرد سطوح مختلف سوپرجاذب و بقایا بر درصد سبز شدن و عملکرد کلزای دیم Effect of tillage methods, different amount of super absorbent and residue on canola seedling emergence and yield under dryland condition https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_66823.html 10.22059/ijbse.2017.225302.664895 0 توجه به نقش مدیریتی و کاربرد مدیریت مطلوب بقایای گیاهی، اجرای روش‌های نوین خاک ورزی و برخی از مواد افزودنی نظیر سوپرجاذب، به منظور استفاده بهینه از آب در کشاورزی دیم برای افزایش عملکرد محصولات زراعی از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. کلزا به عنوان سومین گیاه روغنی مهم دنیا شناخته شده که به دلیل ویژگی‌های خاص باعث شده که در سطح وسیعی از مزارع جهان در تناوب با محصولات مختلف به‌ویژه غلات کشت شود. این آزمایش به منظور بررسی روش‌های خاک‌ورزی، کاربرد سوپرجاذب و مدیریت بقایا بر درصد سبز شدن و عملکرد کلزای دیم در سال زراعی 94-1393 در شهرستان ایذه در شرق استان خوزستان انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های نواری خردشده در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمار اصلی شامل سه روش خاک‌ورزی (خاک‌وری مرسوم (گاوآهن برگردان‌دار و دیسک)، کم‌خاک‌ورزی (خاک‌ورز مرکب و دیسک) و بی‌خاک‌ورزی (کشت مستقیم)) و تیمار فرعی شامل چهار سطح سوپرجاذب (صفر،30، 60، 90 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و تیمار فرعی فرعی شامل دو سطح پوشش بقایا (صفر و 60 درصد) بود. روش کم‌خاک‌ورزی با میانگین 25/66 درصد بیشترین درصد سبز شدن را داشت که نسبت به روش بی‌خاک‌ورزی 59/7 درصد افزایش داشت. بیشترین درصد سبز شدن مربوط به تیمار 90 کیلوگرم سوپرجاذب در هکتار به میزان 94/68 درصد بود. روش کم‌خاک‌ورزی با میانگین 1674 کیلوگرم در هکتار و بی‌خاک‌ورزی با میانگین 1134 کیلوگرم در هکتار به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد را داشتند. در مجموع نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد سوپر جاذب و حفظ بقایا، در نگهداری رطوبت خاک و افزایش عملکرد دانه موثر است. 1 In order to study the effects of tillage, crop residue, and super absorbent on canola seedling emergence and yield, an experiment was conducted in Izeh region, east of Khuzestan in 2014. A strip spilt plot design was applied in form of randomized complete block using 3 replications.. The main treatments consisted of three tillage methods: conventional tillage (moldboard plow and disk) reduced tillage (combination tillage and disk) and no tillage(direct seeding). Secondary treatments were different amounts of super absorbent (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg/ha), and the third treatment was 2 levels of wheat residue (60% and 0%). Reduced tillage method with 66.25% showed the maximum seedling emergence compared to no-till treatment (7.59%). The maximum seedling emergence (68.94%) was achieved from 90 kg/ha super absorbent. Reduce tillage method with 1674 kg/ha and no-tillage with 1134 kg/ha showed the maximum and the minimum yield respectively. Finaly, the results were shown that superabsorbent and crop residues were affected in increased soil moisture content and grain yield 205 213 محمود قاسمی نژاد رائینی mahmoud ghaseminezhad عضو هیات علمی /دانشگاه رامین خوزستان ایران ghasemi.n.m@gmail.com یاسمن عمیدی yasaman Amidi -دانش آموخته ارشد مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی ایران yasaman_amidie@yahoo.com محمد امین آسودار Mohammad Amin Asoodar عضو هیات علمی /دانشگاه رامین خوزستان ایران asoodar@yahoo.com محمد رضا مرادی تلاوت Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat هیات علمی آموزشی پژوهشی دانشگاه کشاورزی رامین خوزستان ایران moraditelavat@ramin.ac.ir بیژن خلیلی مقدم Bijan Khalili Moghadam هیات علمی دانشگاه رامین خوزستان ایران moghaddam623@yahoo.ie بی‌خاک‌ورزی سوپرجاذب کشاورزی دیم کلزا Abedini, A. and Sajedi, N. A. (2012). Effect of application of a superabsorbent polymer on physiological traits of dry land wheat cultivars. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi). 103, pp: 140-146. (In Farsi).##Akhter, J., Mahmood, K.., Malik, K. A., Mardan, A., Ahmad, M. and Iqbal, M. M. (2004). Effects of hydrogel amendment on water storage of sandy loam and loam soils and seedling growth of barley, wheat and chickpea. Plant Soil Environmental. 50(10):Pp: 463- 469.##Anonymous. Annual agricultural statistics. Ministry of Jihad-e- griculture of Iran; (2011). Available from: www.maj.ir [accessed December 2014].##Danaei, A. Kh. Dehghan E., Jafarnejadi A., Mousavi Fazl S. M. H., Pour Azar R., Khaje Zadeh .Y., Dehghani A., Gosha M., Absalan Sh. Dehghan E. and Afzali S. M. J.(2012) Guidelines for planting, harvesting and harvesting canola in Khuzestan, Jahad Agricultural Organization of Khuzestan, Extension Management and Operation System, ). pp: 1-35. (In Farsi).##Asoodar, M. A. and Yosefi, Z. ( 2010). Effects of seeding depth uniformty and planting types on oilseed rape seedling emergence, crop establishment and grain yield. International Journal of Agriculture. 3(2):pp: 386-392.##Barzegar, A., Hashemi, A., Herbert, S. & Asoodar, M. A. (2004). Interactive effects of tillage system and soil water content aggregate size distribution for seedbed preparation in Fluvisols southwest Iran. Soil and Tillage Research. 78. pp: 45-52.##Bonari, E., Mazzoncini, M. and Peruzzi, A. (1995) Effects of coventional and minimum tillage on winter oilseed rape (brassica napus L.) in sandy soil. Soil and Tillage Research. 33: 91-108.##Foladvandi, S., Aeenahband, A. And Naraki, F. A. (2010). Evaluation of different tillage methods and seed rate on yield and yield components of canola under dry land conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 8 ( 2). pp: 213-224. (In Farsi).##Jamshidi, A. R., Asoodar, M. A. & Shafeinia, A. R. (2011). Effects of raised bed planting machines and band fertilizing below the seed under moist and dry soil conditions on wheat grain yield in north of Khuzistan. Quarterly journal of plant production science (Journal of agricultural researches) Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar branch. 2(5). Pp: 1-10. (In Farsi).##Jin, H., Hongwen, L., Xiaoyan, W., Hugh, A., Wenying, L., Huanwen, G. and Kuhn, N. )2007(. The adoption of annual subsoiling as conservation tillage in dryland maize and wheat cultivation in northern China. Soil and Tillage Research. 94 pp: 493-502.##Kutcher, H. R. and Malhi, S. S. )2010(. Residue burning and tillage effects on diseases and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgarle) and canola (Brassica napus). Soil and Tillage Research. 109. pp: 153–160.##Mohajer, M. F. & Asoodar, M. A. (2010). The effect of tillage systems and press wheel weights on dry land wheat grain yield in khuzestan province. journal of agricultural engineering research. 11 (1). Pp: 1-18.(In Farsi).##Mousavi, S. GH., Asoodar, M. A. and Pour-Mohammadi, P. (2014). Effect of tillage, planting pattern and crop residue management on water use efficiency and canola yield in north Ahwaz. 8th conference of agriculture machinery Engineering and mechanization, 29-31 January, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. (In Farsi).##Pourahmad, A., Neshat, A., Naghavi, H, & BagheryZadh, A. (2011). Effect of some organic materials and superabsorbent on the germination of barley. In: Proceedings of 11th National Seminar on Irrigation and Evapotranspiration, 2 Feb., bahonar University, kerman. pp: 87-94 (In Farsi).##Rabie, M., Alizadeh, M. R. & Radjabian M. (2008). Effect of Tillage Systems and Rice Residue Management on Grain Yield and Its Components of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) as Second Crop in Paddy Fields. Seed and Plant Improvment Journal. 2(27). pp: 147-164. (In Farsi).##Rahmani, M., Habibi, D., Daneshian, J. Valadabadi, A. R., Mashhadiakbar Boja, M. & khalatbari, A. H. (2008). The effect of super absorbent polymer doses on yield and antioxidant enzymes activities of mustard (Sinapis alba L.) under drought stress condition. Journal of environmental stresses in crop sciences. 1(1). pp: 23-39. (In Farsi).##Ranjbar, H., Mansouri, M., Salar, M. R. & Ala, A. )2014(. Effects of different tillage system, seeding method and rates on yield and seed oil percentage of rapeseed. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 2(1). Pp:192-201.##Sibi, M., Mirzakhani, M. & Gomarian, M. ( 2011). Study of cell membranes instability of ssfflower under water stress, application of zeolite and salicylic acid. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 8(2). pp: 119-136(In Farsi).##Taghinezhad, J., Javadi, A. (2015). Effect of tillage systems with corn residue on grain yield of rapeseed in moghan region. Journal of agricultural machinery. 4(2). pp: 352-359. (In Farsi).##Vaziri, S. & Naderi, A. (2014). Effect of Superabsorbent Application on Grain Yield and Some Physiological Characters of Canola Hybrids under Terminal Drought Stress Condition. Iranian Journal of field crop science. 3 (45). Pp: 409-417.##Zarei Dolatabadi, H. R., Rahnama, M. & Asoodar, M. A. (2013). Increase water use efficiency and conservation tillage planting patterns affected in Wheat planting. 1st National Conference on Solutions of Sustainable Development, 10 march., bahonar University, Natural resources and the environment, Tehran university, Tehran. (In Farsi).##

0 توسعه یک سامانه ترکیبی جدید به منظور تشخیص بیماری های برگ درخت سیب Developing a new hybrid system for detection of apple tree leaves diseases https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_66824.html 10.22059/ijbse.2017.232483.664936 0 هر ساله بیماری­های گیاهی موجب خسارت­های قابل توجهی در بخش کشاورزی می­شوند که می­توان تأثیر آن­را در چرخه­ی اقتصادی کشورها و امنیت غذایی مردم احساس نمود. تشخیص زودهنگام بیماری­های گیاهی راهکاری مفید برای کاهش این خسارت­ها می­باشد. در سال­های اخیر محققان مختلف از روش­هایی چون تصویربرداری برای تشخیص بیماری­های گیاهی استفاده نموده­اند. در این تحقیق یک سامانه جدید، متشکل از روش پردازش تصویر دیجیتال و مدل ترکیبی شبکه عصبی به­منظور تشخیص سه بیماری برگ درخت سیب (بیماری­های لکه سیاه سیب، آلترناریا و آفت مینوز) بکار گرفته شد. در واقع از فرایند روش پردازش تصویر دیجیتال برای تهیه، پردازش و استخراج ویژگی­های هر یک از تصاویر نمونه­ها و از مدل ترکیبی شبکه عصبی مصنوعی برای طبقه­بندی بیماری­ها استفاده گردید. در این مدل برای آموزش شبکه از دو الگوریتم بهینه­سازی ازدحام ذرات (PSO) و الگوریتم لونبرگ مارکوارت (LM) استفاده شد. در ادامه عملکرد سامانه پیشنهادی در تشخیص بیماری­های درخت سیب مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته و مشاهده گردید که این سامانه در تشخیص بیماری فوق الذکر با دقت 99 درصد و شاخص­های 985/0= R2 و 099/0= RMSE عملکرد مناسبی دارد و همچنین در مقایسه با سایر روش­های انجام شده توسط دیگر محققان، در تشخیص بیماری­های برگ درخت سیب توانایی بالاتری دارد. 1 Each year, plant diseases cause considerable damages to the agricultural sector which their effect on the economy and food security is very important. Early detection of plant diseases is a useful strategy to reduce these losses. In recent years, researchers have used a variety of techniques such as machine vision for the diagnosis of plant diseases. In this study, a new system, consisting of digital image processing technique and also combination model of artificial neural network to distinguish three apple tree leaf diseases (namely Alternaria, apple black spot, and apple leaf miner pest) were used. In short, the process of digital image processing technique involves preparation, processing, and extraction of features of each of the sample images and the hybrid artificial neural network model was used to classify diseases. In this model, particle swarm optimization algorithm for network training (PSO) and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) were used. After that, the operation of the proposed system for diagnosis of diseases of apple trees was evaluated. It is concluded that the system has a good performance for diagnosis accuracy was 99% and R2=0.985, RMSE=0.099. Finally, in comparison with other methods mentioned by other researchers for diagnosis of apple tree leaves diseases, the proposed system has higher ability. 215 225 زهره قاسمی ورجانی Zohreh Ghasemi Varjani ماشین های کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری دانشگاه تهران ایران zoohrehghasemi@yahoo.com سید سعید محتسبی Seyed Saeid Mohtasebi دانشگاه تهران ایران mohtaseb@ut.ac.ir هادی قاسمی Hadi Ghasemi مهندسی عمران،دانشکده عمران محیط زیست دانشگاه امیرکبیر ایران hadighasemi@aut.ac.ir الهام عمرانی Elham Omrani ماشین های کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری دانشگاه تهران ایران elh.omrani@alumni.ut.ac.ir بیماری های گیاهی پردازش تصویر شبکه عصبی مصنوعی بهینه سازی ازدحام ذرات Asraf, H. M., Nooritawati, M. T., Shah Rizam, M. S. B. (2012). A Comparative Study in Kernel-Based Support Vector Machine of Oil Palm Leaves Nutrient Disease, Journal of Procedia Engineering, 41, 1353–1359.##Billah, M., Miah, M. B. A., Hanifa, A. and Ruhul Amin, M. d. (2015). Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System based Tea Leaf Disease Recognition using Color Wavelet Features, Journal of Communications on Applied Electronics, 3(5), 1–4.##Eberhart, R. and Kennedy, J. (1995). A new optimizer using particle swarm theory, Journal of IEEE Service Center, 39–43.##Fang, J., Zhang, C., Wang, S. (2008). Application of genetic algorithm (GA) trained artificial neural to identify tomatoes with physiological, Journal of Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture, 259, 1103-1111.##Food and Agriculture Organization. (2013). Statistics: Crops (Production) in FAO. Retrieved January 12, 2013, From http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC##Kumar, A., Lee, W. S., Ehsani, R. J., Albrigo, G., Yang, C., Mangan, R. L.  (2012). Citrus greening disease detection using aerial hyperspectral and multispectral imaging techniques, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 6, 1–22.##Loutfi, A., Coradeschi, S., Mani, G.K., Shankar, P. Rayappan, J.B. (2015). Electronic noses for food quality: a review. Journal of Food Engineering, 144, 103–111.##Mahlein, A. K., Steiner, U., Hillnhütter, C., Dehne, H. W., Oerke, E. C. (2012). Hyperspectral imaging for small-scale analysis of symptoms caused by different sugar beet diseases, Journal of Plant Methods, 1–13.##Massimo, F. R, Daciana, I., Clarkson, J. P., Covington, J. A. (2016). Early identification of potato storage disease using an array of metal-oxide based gas sensors, Journal of Postharvest Biology and Technology, 116, 50–58.##Omrani, E. (2013). Plant Diseases Detection Using Image Processing Technique. M. Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources. (In Farsi)##Omrani, E., Khoshnevisan, B., Shamshirband, S., Saboohi, H., Anuar, N. B., Nasir, M. H. N. M. (2014). Potential of radial basis function-based support vector regression for apple disease detection, Journal of Measurement, 55, 512–519.##Pan, L., Zhang, W., Zhu, N., Mao, Sh., Wangd, J., Tu, K. (2014). Early detection and classification of pathogenic fungal disease in post-harvest strawberry fruit by electronic nose and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Journal of Food Research International, 62, 162–168.##Tian, J., Qiuxia, H., Xiaoyi, M. A., Mingyu, H. A. N. (2012). An Improved KPCA/GA-SVM Classification Model for Plant Leaf Disease Recognition, Journal of Computational Information Systems, 33, 7737–7745.##Tian, X., Wang, J. & Cui, S. (2013). Analysis of pork adulteration in minced mutton using electronic nose of metal oxide sensors. Journal of Food Engineering, 119(4), 744–749.##UGA Extension. (2014). Georgia Plant Disease Loss Estimates 2014. AP 102-7, From http://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.cfm?number=AP102-7##Yeh, Y. H., Chung W. C., Liao, J.Y., Chung, C. L., Kuo, Y. F. and Te, L. T. (2016). Strawberry foliar anthracnose assessment by hyperspectral imaging, Journal of Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 122, 1–9.##Zhanga, Z., Hea, X., Sunb, X., Guoc, L., Wangd, J., Wangd, F. (2015). Image Recognition of Maize Leaf Disease Based on GA-SVM, Journal of Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 199–204.##Zhang, Sh., Wu, X., You, Zh., Zhang, L. (2017). Leaf image based cucumber disease recognition using sparse representation classification, Journal of Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 134, 135–141.##

0 پایش تازگی گوشت قرمز با استفاده از ترکیب طیف‌نگاری دی‌الکتریک و پردازش تصویر Monitoring the red meat freshness by using combined dielectric spectroscopy and image processing https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_66825.html 10.22059/ijbse.2017.237213.664966 0 با توجه به اهمیت کیفیت گوشت و سایر مواد غذایی مورد مصرف روزانه در رشد و سلامت جامعه انسانی، توسعه سامانه‌های تشخیص و پایش کیفیت مواد غذایی بیش از پیش مورد توجه محققین می‌باشد. در این مطالعه 40 نمونه‌ گوشت گوساله در طی پنج روز ماندگاری در دمای پنج درجه سانتیگراد مورد تصویربرداری ماکروسکوپیک و طیف­نگاری توان دی­الکتریک در 20 فرکانس از بازه MHz 100- 5 قرار گرفت. فرضیه مطالعه بر این اساس بود که با ترکیب دو روش مذکور حجم اطلاعات مفید حاصل از تغییرات فیزیکی و شیمیایی گوشت به واسطه ماندگاری افزایش می­یابد. در هر بار آزمایش مجموعا 42 ویژگی (توان دی­الکتریک در 20 فرکانس­ مختلف بین MHz 100-5 و 22 ویژگی بافتی و رنگی تصویر) از هر نمونه استخراج شد. طبقه­بندی روز ماندگاری گوشت با استفاده از متغیرهای دی­الکتریک و تصویر با اعمال پنج الگوریتم شبکه­های عصبی چند لایه پرسپترون (MLP)، رگرسیون منطقی چند جمله­ای (MRL)، درخت­های کاربردی (FT)، درخت­های مدل منطقی (LMT) و روش تجمیعی بگینگ (Bagging) انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که توان دی­الکتریک در فرکانس­های مختلف با افزایش ماندگاری تا روز پنجم کاهش یافت به طوری که برای مثال از 250 میکرو وات در فرکانس پنج مگاهرتز در روز اول به 100 میکرو وات در همین فرکانس در روز پنجم رسید. همچنین نتایج طبقه­بندی نشان داد که متغیرهای تصویر گوشت به تنهایی بیشتر از متغیرهای دی‌الکتریک گوشت در طبقه­بندی روز ماندگاری موثر هستند اما با تجمیع این دو منبع اطلاعات حسگری و اعمال تکنیک کاهش بعد به روش مولفه­های اصلی (PCA) بر روی تمام ویژگی­ها، دقت طبقه­بندی 78 % برای الگوریتم درخت­های کاربردی (FT) و 77 % برای طبقه­بند ترکیبی بگینگ (Bagging) با رده­بند پایه شبکه­های عصبی مصنوعی پرسپترون چند لایه (MLP) حاصل شد. 1 Regarding the importance of quality of meat and other daily consuming food stuffs in the growth and health of human society, development of quality diagnosing and monitoring systems for food materials are being paid increasing attention by investigators. In this study, 40 beef samples were subjected to macroscopic imaging and dielectric power spectroscopy at 20 frequencies in the range of 5-100 MHz during five days of storage at 5 ° C. It was hypothesized that combination of the two sensing methods would result in more information on physicochemical changes of meat during ageing. For any beef sample, 42 attributes (i.e. 20 dielectric variables including dielectric power at different frequencies and 22 texture and color features of the image) were extracted. Classification analyses for the day of storage were performed with five algorithms of neural networks including multi-layer perceptron (MLP), multinomial logistic regression (MRL), functional trees (FT), logistic model trees (LMT) and Bagging aggregation. The results showed that the dielectric power at different frequencies decreased with the storage day from e.g. 250 µW at 5 MHz on the first day to 100 µW at the same frequency on the fifth day. The results showed that image parameters of beef were more effective in classification than dielectric variables but combining the information of the both sensory techniques, after reduction using PCA, resulted in classification accuracies of %78 for functional tree (FT) algorithm and %77 for Bagging classification with MLP as the base classifier. 227 236 امیر علی صادقپور اصفهانی Amir Ali Sadeghpour Esfahani دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشگاه شهرکرد ایران aa71spa@chmail.ir مجتبی نادری بلداجی Mojtaba Naderi Beldaji دانشگاه شهرکرد ایران m.naderi@ut.ac.ir مهدی قاسمی ورنامخواستی Mahdi Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti استادیار گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم دانشگاه شهرکرد ایران ghasemymahdi@gmail.com بهرام حسین زاده Bahram Hosseinzadeh-Samani استادیار گروه مکانیک بیوسیستم-دانشگاه شهرکرد ایران bahram_hs@yahoo.com تازگی گوشت حسگر ترکیبی پردازش تصویر طیف‌نگاری دی‌الکتریک Bagheri, R. (2014). 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0 عوامل موثر بر برداشت ماشینی پسته در ایران (مطالعه موردی استان کرمان) Agents Affecting the Mechanical Harvesting of Pistachio Nuts in Iran (Case Study of Kerman Province) https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_66827.html 10.22059/ijbse.2018.237546.664968 0 ایران بزرگترین تولیدکننده و صادرکننده پسته جهان است. از این رو، پایداری تولید این محصول استراتژیک از اهمیت ویژه­ای برخوردار است. هزینه­ بالای برداشت دستی پسته، درآمد پسته­کاران را کاهش داده و انگیزه تولید این محصول را با چالش جدی مواجه ساخته است. لذا در این تحقیق، عوامل موثر بر برداشت مکانیکی پسته در استان کرمان به عنوان قطب تولید این محصول در ایران، مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. بدین­منظور از روش دلفی در سه مرحله استفاده شد. دلفی یک فرآیند گروهی است که هدف از اجرای آن، کشف و جمع­آوری نظرات تخصصی گروهی از افراد مجرب و آگاه در یک زمینه تخصصی است. بر این اساس، 25 نفر از کارشناسان پسته و باغداران بزرگ پسته شهرستان­های رفسنجان و کرمان به عنوان اعضاء گروه تحقیق دلفی در نظر گرفته­شدند. نتایج نهایی تحقیق نشان داد عوامل "بهبود کارایی مصرف آب با حمایت از اجرای روش­های نوین آبیاری درختان پسته" و "تخصیص اعتبارات مناسب جهت فراگیرشدن برداشت مکانیکی پسته" به ترتیب با کسب 96 و 95 درصد از توافق اعضاء گروه تحقیق، اولین و دومین محرک­های توسعه برداشت مکانیکی پسته در استان کرمان بودند. همچنین، عوامل "اجرای طرح­های الگویی مکانیزاسیون برداشت پسته" و "ارائه سیاست­های تشویقی جهت توسعه برداشت مکانیکی در میان پسته­کاران استان کرمان" نیز با 91 درصد توافق، به طور مشترک در جایگاه دوم اولویت­های توسعه برداشت مکانیکی پسته در استان کرمان قرار گرفتند. بررسی موانع برداشت مکانیکی پسته نیز نشان داد که عوامل "نظام خرده­مالکی اغلب باغات پسته" و "تک­پایه یا تک­­تنه نبودن درختان پسته در منطقه" به ترتیب با درصد توافق 97 و 94 درصد در جایگاه­های اول و دوم جای گرفتند. بنابراین، حمایت مالی ویژه از پیاده­سازی شیوه­های کارآمد آبیاری، اصلاح و نوسازی باغات قدیمی و برپایی طرح­های الگویی برداشت مکانیکی پسته امری اجتناب­ناپذیر است. همچنین، تجمیع باغات پسته کوچک در قالب تعاونی­های کشاورزی به منظور افزایش توان مالی گروهی به عنوان پشتوانه اصلاح باغات قدیمی و تامین تجهیزات برداشت پسته از موارد ضروری به شمار می­روند. 1 Iran is the world's largest pistachio producer and exporter. Hence, the sustainability of the production of this strategic product is of particular importance. The high cost of pistachio harvesting has reduced the income of pistachio growers and created a serious challenge to the motivation of producing the pistachios. So, in this research, the contributing factors of mechanical harvesting of pistachio nuts in Kerman Province as the pole of pistachio production in Iran were studied. For this purpose, the Delphi method was used in three stages. Accordingly, 25 experts of pistachio cultivation experts and big growers of Rafsanjan and Kerman cities were considered as the research panel of the study. The final results of the research showed that the factors "Improving water use efficiency by supporting the implementation of new methods for irrigation of pistachio trees" and "allocating suitable credits for the pistachio nuts harvesting" with 96.00% and 95.00% agreements of the research panel’s members were the first and second stimulants for the development of pistachio harvesting in Kerman Province. Also, the factors of "implementation of pattern projects for mechanized pistachio harvesting", and "Providing incentive policies for the development of mechanical harvesting among the pistachio growers" with 91.00% of the agreement, jointly ranked as the second priorities. Investigating the barriers to the mechanical harvesting of pistachio also showed that the factors of the "smallness of most pistachio gardens" and "not being single-base or single-nesting of pistachio trees in the region" with the 97.00% and 94.00% agreements got the first and second ranks, respectively. Therefore, special financial supports for implementation of efficient irrigation systems, modification and renovation of old gardens, and the establishments of pattern projects for mechanized pistachio harvesting are inevitable. Also, consolidation of small pistachio gardens in the form of agricultural cooperatives in order to increase the group's financial strength as a backbone for the modifying the old gardens and the provision of pistachio harvesting equipments are indispensable. 237 248 سعید فیروزی Saeed Firouzi گروه زراعت، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ایران saeedfirouzi@yahoo.com محمدعلی رستمی Mohammad Ali Rostami گروه فنی و مهندسی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی کرمان ایران marostami1351@gmail.com محمدجواد رمضانی Mohammad Javad Ramezani گروه زراعت، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ایران m.javad.ramezani@gmail.com امیرحسین بازیار Amir Hossein Bazyar آموزشکده فنی و حرفه ای سما، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد رشت، رشت، ایران ایران amir4bazyar@yahoo.com برداشت ماشین های برداشت مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی فندقی ها Abedi, H., Firouzi, S. & Allahyari, M.S. (2017). Analysis of factors affecting the mechanical olive harvesting in Guilan Province. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 7(1), 48-60. (In Farsi).##Anonymous (2016). 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0 ارزیابی و مدلسازی جریان انرژی و اثرات زیست‌محیطی تولید کلوچه با رویکرد ارزیابی چرخه زندگی Assessment and modeling of energy flow and environmental impacts of cookie production by life cycle assessment approach https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_66828.html 10.22059/ijbse.2017.238331.664969 0 در این تحقیق، مصرف انرژی و انتشار آلاینده­های زیست­محیطی تولید کلوچه در استان گیلان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. داده­های لازم از طریق پرسش­نامه و مصاحبه­ حضوری از 30 کارخانه تولید کلوچه جمع­آوری شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که مقدار 50/30 مگاژول انرژی برای تولید هر کیلوگرم کلوچه مصرف شده­ است که بیشترین سهم انرژی مصرفی به گاز طبیعی با 09/17 مگاژول بر کیلوگرم اختصاص داشت. بر­اساس نتایج ارزیابی چرخه زندگی، شاخص گرمایش جهانی برای تولید هر کیلوگرم کلوچه kg CO2 eq. 73/3 تعیین گردید که در حدود 51 درصد آن مربوط به احتراق گاز طبیعی جهت فرآیند پخت است. در نهایت، مدل­سازی میزان عملکرد و اثرات زیست­محیطی بر­اساس دو مدل شبکه­های عصبی مصنوعی و سامانه استنتاج فازی- عصبی تطبیقی (انفیس) انجام شد. مقایسه نتایج نشان داد مدل انفیس چند لایه قادر است تا با دقت بیشتر و خطای کمتر عملکرد محصول را برآورد کند. 1 In this study, energy consumption and environmental emissions of cookie production in Guilan Province of Iran was investigated. The required information was collected using questionnaires and interviews from 30 factories of cookie production. Equivalent energies of inputs and outputs were calculated based on the standardized energy coefficients. The results of this study showed that 30.50 MJ of energy was consumed for production of one kilogram of cookie in which the highest share of energy consumption was allocated to natural gas with 17.09 MJ kg-1. Based on life cycle assessment (LCA) results, global warming (GW) index was calculated as 3.73 kg CO2 eq. per kilogram of produced cookie which about 51 percent of that was related to combustion of natural gas consumed in cooking process. Finally, the modeling of amount of yield and environmental impacts was conducted based on two models of artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The results showed that ANFIS was capable of predicting yield with more accuracy and less error. 249 259 مجید خانعلی Majid Khanali دانشگاه تهران ایران khanali@ut.ac.ir اسداله اکرم Asadollah Akram هیئت علمی دانشگاه تهران ایران aakram@ut.ac.ir مهدیه محمدنیا Mahdieh Mohammadnia Galeshklamei گروه مهندسی ماشین‌های کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران ایران homa.hossenzade@gmail.com هما حسین زاده بندبافها homa hosseinzadeh-bandbafha گروه مهندسی ماشین های کشاورزی،دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران ایران homa.hosseinzadeh@ut.ac.ir ارزیابی چرخه زندگی شاخص های زیست محیطی کلوچه مدل سازی مصرف انرژی Abolshikhi, M. (2014). Study of life cycle of bread production - Case Study: Ray County, Tehran.  M. Sc. Thesis. University of Tehran, Iran. (In Persian with English abstract).##Andersson, K., & Ohlsson, T. (1999). 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Optimization of sugar beet production using colonial competition algorithm and life cycle assessment of sugar production.  Ph. D. Thesis. University of Tehran, Iran. (In Persian with English abstract).##Notarnicola, B., Tassielli, G., Renzulli, P. A., & Monforti, F. (2017). Energy flows and greenhouses gases of EU (European Union) national breads using an LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, 455-469.##Omid, M., Akram, A., & Golmohammadi, A. (2011). Modeling thermal conductivity of Iranian flat bread using artificial neural networks. International journal of food properties, 14(4), 708-720.##Rahman, M. M., & Bala, B. K. (2010). Modelling of jute production using artificial neural networks. Biosystems Engineering, 105(3), 350-356.##Rezaei, E., Karami, A., Yousefi, T., & Mahmoudinezhad, S. (2012). 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0 امکان سنجی فنی استفاده از اشعه مادون قرمز در پوست گیری مغز فندق به روش خشک Technical feasibility of using infrared radiation in dry-peeling for hazelnuts https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_66829.html 10.22059/ijbse.2017.238908.664973 0 در این تحقیق، حذف پوست قهوه­ای روی مغز فندق با استفاده از تابش­دهی اشعه مادون قرمز مورد بررسی و ارزیابی قرار گرفت. برای این کار تأثیر پارامترهای توان لامپ مادون قرمز در سه سطح 800، 1200 و 1600 وات، مدت زمان تابش­دهی در سه سطح 2، 3 و 4 دقیقه و رطوبت اولیه مغز فندق در چهار سطح 4، 6، 8 و10 درصد بر پایه تر برای رسیدن به بیشترین میزان درصد سُست شدن پوست قهوه­ای روی مغز، انجام شد. آزمایش­ها به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. برای تعیین میزان درصد سُست شدن پوست قهوه­ای از تکنیک پردازش تصویر استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد افزایش توان مادون قرمز و مدت زمان تابش­دهی به طور معنی­داری (p < 0.05) باعث افزایش میزان درصد سُست شدن پوست شد و افزایش رطوبت اولیه مغز فندق به طور معنی­داری (p < 0.05) بر کاهش میزان درصد سست شدن پوست گردید. اثرات متقابل هر سه پارامتر مورد بررسی، اثر معنی­داری (p < 0.05) در سست شدن پوست نشان داد. مناسب­ترین پارامترهای واحد مادون قرمز در توان تابشی 1600 وات، مدت زمان تابش­دهی 3 دقیقه و رطوبت اولیه مغز فندق 4 درصد تعیین شد. 1 In this study, removal of the brown skin (seed coat) on the hazelnut kernel was investigated using infrared radiation. Evaluation of the infrared radiation method to achieve the highest percentage of seed coat loosening on the kernel. The effects of infrared emitter power at three levels of 800, 1200 and 1600 W, radiation duration at three levels of 2, 3 and 4 minutes, and the initial moisture content of hazelnuts at four levels of 4, 6, 8, and 10% wet basis (w.b.) were investigated. Experiments were conducted at factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. The peel loosening percentage was determined with using image processing method The results showed that by increasing in the IR radiation power and radiation time increased the percentage skin loosening significantly (p < 0.05), while the increase of moisture content hazelnuts was caused reduced the percentage skin loosening (p < 0.05). The most appropriate parameters the IR radiation unit were determined to be radiation power at 1600 W, the radiation time 3 min, and the moisture content of hazelnut 4% (w.b.). 261 268 علی ماشاءاله کرمانی Ali Mashallah kermani هیات علمی ایران a_m_kermani@yahoo.com شهریار کوراوند Shahriar Kouravand عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه تهران ایران skouravand@ut.ac.ir جلال اسکندری Jalal Eskandari دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران ایران jalal.eskandari@ut.ac.ir پوست گیری خشک مغز فندق مادون قرمز پردازش تصویر Das, D. J., & Barringer, S. A. (2006). Potassium hydroxide replacement for lye (sodium hydroxide) in tomato peeling. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 30(1), 15-19.##Di Matteo, M., Albanese, D., & Liguori, L. (2012). Alternative method for hazelnuts peeling. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 5(4), 1416-1421.##Dostie, M., Seguin, J. N., Maure, D., Ton-That, Q. A., & Chatingy, R. (1989). Preliminary measurements on the drying of thick porous materials by combinations of intermittent infrared and continuous convection heating. In Drying 89, (edited by Mujumdar, A. S., & Roques, M. A.) pp. 513–520, New York, Hemisphere.##Fallico, B., Arena, E., & Zappala, M. (2003). Roasting of hazelnuts. Role of oil in colour development and hydroxymethylfurfural formation. Food Chemistry, 81(4), 569-573.##Garrote, R. L., Coutaz, V. R., Silva, E. R., & Bertone, R. A. (1994). Determining process conditions for chemical peeling of asparagus. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 27(1), 19-22.##Kaleoglu, M., Bayindirli, L., & Bayindirli, A. (2004). Lye peeling of Tombul hazelnuts and effect of peeling on quality. Trans IChemE, Part C, Food and Bioproducts Processing, 82(C3), 201–206.##Kermani, Ali M. (2012). Evaluation of some physical and mechanical properties of hazelnut. Innovation in Food Science and Technology, 4(3), 69-78.##Koksal, A. I., Artik, N., Simsek, A., & Gunes, N. (2006). 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0 اثرات زیست‌محیطی و مزایای اقتصادی چرخه مدیریت کود دامی با تولید بیوگاز در مزارع صنعتی پرورش گاو شیری Environmental impacts and economic benefits of manure management chain with biogas production in a large scale dairy farm https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_66830.html 10.22059/ijbse.2017.239897.664979 0 چرخه مدیریت کود دامی از مرحله جمع­آوری تا کاربرد در مزرعه در پرورش گاو شیری برای سناریوهای مختلف از نظر زیست‌محیطی و اقتصادی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به همین منظور ترکیب کود در این چرخه با توجه به جیره مصرفی دام تعیین گردید. اثرات زیست‌محیطی به کمک استانداردها و سودمندی اقتصادی هر سناریو با نرم‌افزار کامفار محاسبه شد. نتایج این تحقیق حاکی از سودمند بودن احداث نیروگاه بیوگاز علی‌رغم نیاز آن به سرمایه­گذاری اولیه بالا در حدود 125 میلیارد ریال می‌باشد که دارای دوره برگشت سرمایه در حدود 4-3 سال است. میانگین نرخ بازده داخلی این پروژه­ 24% با نرخ تنزیل 20% محاسبه شد. نرخ بازده داخلی نشان می­دهد این سرمایه­گذاری ریسک­پذیر بوده اما از درآمد مناسبی برخوردار خواهد بود. در سناریوی 4 با فرآوری لجن هاضم به کمک جداکننده مکانیکی و کمپوست بیشترین میزان کاهش در انتشار متان ( kg CO2eq m-3261-) مشاهده شد. سناریو 2 و 4 به ترتیب 36% و 17% کاهش در تولید آلاینده­ها داشتند. جداسازی بخش مایع و جامد و ماسه از کود تأثیر ناچیزی در کاهش آلاینده‌ها داشته اما دارای مزایای اقتصادی می‌باشد. با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق، تولید سوخت بیوگاز باعث کاهش مقادیر زیادی گازهای گلخانه­ای و آلاینده­های آب و خاک می­گردد.   1 The manure management cycle from collection to application in dairy farming was evaluated from environmental and economic aspects for different scenarios including biogas production. For this purpose, manure characteristic is determined regarding the real feed ration composition. Environmental impacts and economic profitability of each scenario was calculated using standards and COMFAR program, respectively. The results showed although biogas production is costly but it is profitable with initial investment of 125 billion Rials (2,777,778 €) and a payback period of about 3 to 4 years. The internal rate of return was calculated as 24% considering a discount rate of 20%. The internal rate of return shows that although this investment is risky, the amount of income is acceptable. Scenario 4 including digestate processing using a mechanical separator followed by composting has the maximum avoided methane emission (-261 kg CO2eq m-3). Emissions mitigation was calculated to be 36% and 17% in scenario 2 and 4, respectively. Solid/liquid separation and sand separation have less impact on emission reduction withy different economic advantages. Regarding the results of this study, a large amount of greenhouse gases and emissions to water and soil has mitigated thank to biogas production. 269 284 پریا سفیدپری Paria Sefeedpari دانشجو ایران pariasefeedpari@ut.ac.ir شاهین رفیعی shahin rafiee دانشگاه تهران ایران shahinrafiee@ut.ac.ir محمد شریفی Mohammad Sharifi دانشگاه تهران ایران m.sharifi@ut.ac.ir بشیر عباسی دشتکی Bashir Abasi Dashtaki کارشناس ماشین الات --بنیاد مستضعفان ایران bashirabbasi72@gmail.com تیون ولینگا Theun Vellinga محقق ارشد، گروه علوم دامی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه و مرکز تحقیقاتی وخنینگن، هلند ایران theun.vellinga@wur.nl بیوگاز اثرات زیست محیطی مزایای اقتصادی دامپروری مدیریت کود دامی Aguirre-Villegas, H.A., Passos-Fonseca, T.H., Reinemann, D.J., Armentano, L.E., Wattiaux, M.A., Cabrera, V.E., Norman, J.M. & Larson, R. (2015). Green cheese: partial life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions and energy intensity of integrated dairy production and bioenergy systems. 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0 کاربرد دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی(CFD) در طراحی بهینه صفحه جاذب خشک‌کن خورشیدی Application of CFD in optimization of solar dryer absorber plate https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_66831.html 10.22059/ijbse.2017.240246.664981 0 یکی از کاربردهای انرژی خورشیدی، در خشک­کن خورشیدی می­باشد. اما این نوع خشک­کن­ها دارای بازدهی پائینی هستند که برای افزایش بازده و صرفه­جویی در مقدار انرژی مصرفی بهینه­سازی صفحه جاذب آن­ها در اولویت قرار دارد. بدین­منظور، جریان هوای داخل محفظه صفحه جاذب خشک­کن خورشیدی با استفاده از روش مدل‌سازی دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی (CFD) شبیه­سازی شد سپس روند انتقال حرارت، توزیع جریان و سرعت هوای داخل محفظه تحلیل گردید و بصورت آزمایشگاهی صفحات مختلف جاذب مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. در این تحقیق سه حالت مختلف صفحه جاذب با ورودی­ یکسان و سه حالت خروجی متفاوت (دایره­ای، متداول و متخلخل) بررسی شد که در صفحه با خروجی متخلخل، صفحه با ضریب تخلخل 0314/0 استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که بین داده­های تحلیلی و تجربی، ضریب تبیین (R2) بالای 97 درصد برقرار بود. در صفحات دایره­ای و متداول انباشت حرارتی در گوشه­ها وجود داشت که با تغییر در نوع خروجی و تبدیل آن به حالت خروجی متخلخل از تلفات گرمایی و انباشت حرارت جلوگیری بعمل آمد. 1 One of the ways to use solar energy is to use a solar dryer. But these kind of dryers have low efficiency that optimizes their absorbent plate to increase efficiency and save energy. For this purpose, the air flow inside the compartment of the adsorbent plate of the solar dryer was simulated using the computational fluid dynamics modeling and the heat transfer process, flow distribution and air velocity inside the compartment were analyzed and finally, the plates were compared in vitro. In this research, three different modes of the page with the same input and three different output modes (circular, conventional and perforated) were investigated. In a porous sheet with porosity, the plate was used with a coefficient of 0.0314. The results showed that between analytical and empirical data, the explanatory factor (R2) was above 97%. There are circular and conventional heat accumulation in the corners, which, by changing the type of output and converting it to the perforated output state, Heat and heat accumulation are prevented. 285 294 مهرنوش متحیر رزداری Mernush Motahayyer Razdari گروه فنی کشاورزی - پردیس ابو ریحان - دانشگاه تهران ایران motahayyer@ut.ac.ir اکبر عرب حسینی Akbar Arabhosseini دانشگاه تهران ایران ahosseini@ut.ac.ir هادی صمیمی اخیجهانی Hadi Samimi Akhijahani 3. بخش مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشگاه کردستان ایران hsamimia@gmail.com مرتضی خشه چی Morteza Khashehchi گروه فنی کشاورزی - پردیس ابوریحان - دانشگاه تهران ایران m.khashehchi@ut.ac.ir خشک‌کن خورشیدی صفحه جاذب دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی توزیع جریان انتقال حرارت Adeniyi, A. A., Mohammed, A., & Aladeniyi, K. (2012). Analysis of a Solar Dryer Box with Ray Tracing CFD Technique. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 3(10).##Aghanajafi, S.,and Dehghani, A. (2007). Advanced Solar Radiation and Industrial Applications. Ph. D. dissertation, Khaje Nasir Toosi University press, Tehran.(In Farsi)##Aghbashlo, M., & Samimi-Akhijahani, H. (2008). Influence of drying conditions on the effective moisture diffusivity, energy of activation and energy consumption during the thin-layer drying of berberis fruit (Berberidaceae). Energy Conversion and Management, 49(10), 2865-2871.##Aghkhani, M. H., Abasspour-Fard, M. H., Bayati, M. R., Mortezapour, H., Saedi, S. I., & Moghimi, A. )2013(. Performance analysis of a solar dryer equipped with a recycling air system and desiccant chamber. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 3(2), 92-103(In Farsi)##Bagheri, H.(2008). Design, construction and Evaluation of a Vegetable Dryers Laboratory Model. MSc Thesis, Agrotechnology Dept., Abourihan Campus, Universityof Tehran, Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi)##Bennamoun, L., & Belhamri, A. (2003). Design and simulation of a solar dryer for agriculture products. Journal of food engineering, 59(2), 259-266.##Darabi, H., Zomorodian, A., Akbari, M. H., & Lorestani, A. N. (2015). Design a cabinet dryer with two geometric configurations using CFD.  Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(1), 359-366.##Dović, D., & Andrassy, M. (2012). Numerically assisted analysis of flat and corrugated plate solar collectors thermal performances. Solar energy, 86(9), 2416-2431.##Gunjo, D. G., Mahanta, P., & Robi, P. S. (2017). CFD and experimental investigation of flat plate solar water heating system under steady state condition. Renewable Energy, 106, 24-36.##Harris, D. J., & Helwig, N. (2007). Solar chimney and building ventilation. Applied Energy, 84(2), 135-146.##Holman, J.P. (2002) Heat transfer (10th ed). Mc-Grow Hill, Southern Methodist University, New York.##Hu, J., Sun, X., Xu, J., & Li, Z. (2013). Numerical analysis of mechanical ventilation solar air collector with internal baffles. Energy and Buildings, 62, 230-238.##Hung, T. C., Huang, T. J., Lee, D. S., Lin, C. H., Pei, B. S., & Li, Z. Y. (2017). Numerical analysis and experimental validation of heat transfer characteristic for flat-plate solar air collector. Applied Thermal Engineering, 111, 1025-1038.##Ingle, P.W., Pawar, A.A., Deshmukh, B.D., and Bhosale, K.C. (2013). CFD Analysis of Solar Flat Plate Collector. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,3(4), 337-342.##Kieviet, F. G., Van Raaij, J., De Moor, P. P. E. A., & Kerkhof, P. J. A. M. (1997). Measurement and modelling of the air flow pattern in a pilot-plant spray dryer. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 75(3), 321-328.##Mirade, P. S. (2003). Prediction of the air velocity field in modern meat dryers using unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. Journal of Food Engineering, 60(1), 41-48.##Pandey, K. M., & Chaurasiya, R. (2017). A review on analysis and development of solar flat plate collector. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 67, 641-650.##Sahu, A. K., Kumar, P., Patwardhan, A. W., & Joshi, J. B. (1999). CFD modelling and mixing in stirred tanks. Chemical Engineering Science, 54(13-14), 2285-2293.##Sámano Delgado, E., Martinez‐Flores, H. E., Garnica‐Romo, M. G., Aranda‐Sanchez, J. I., Sosa‐Aguirre, C. R., De Jesuse Cortes‐Penagus, C. O. N. S. U. E. L. O., & Fernandez‐Munoz, J. L. (2013). Optimization of solar dryer for the dehydration of fruits and vegetables. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 37(5), 489-495.##Samimi-Akhijahani H.(2015). Design, construction and Evaluation of a hybrid solar dryer using fluid circulation. Ph. D.dissertation, Agrotechnology Dept., Abourihan Campus, Universityof Tehran, Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi)##Selmi, M., Al-Khawaja, M. J., & Marafia, A. (2008). Validation of CFD simulation for flat plate solar energy collector. Renewable energy, 33(3), 383-387.##Shahi, N. C., Khan, J. N., Lohani, U. C., Singh, A., & Kumar, A. (2011). 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0 بررسی تجربی ‌آب‌شیرین‌کن خورشیدی رطوبت زنی-رطوبت‌زدایی مجهز به جمع‌کننده‌ی فتوولتائیک-گرمائی Experimental Analysis of a Humidification- Dehumidification Solar Desalination System Equipped with a Photovoltaic-Thermal Collector https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_66832.html 10.22059/ijbse.2017.241910.664985 0 در این تحقیق یک طرح نوین برای شیرین سازی آب‌شور، با انرژی خورشید پیشنهاد گردید. در آب‌شیرین‌کن موردنظر، از روش رطوبت­زنی – رطوبت‌زدایی برای تبدیل آب‌شور به قابل شرب استفاده شد. آب‌شیرین‌کن ساخته‌شده شامل تبخیر­کننده­ی فتوولتائیک-گرمائی، چگالنده، مخزن­های آب‌شور و شیرین، دمنده­ی هوا و پمپ آب بود. ارزیابی سامانه پیشنهادی در سه سطح سرعت هوا (1، 5/1 و 2 متر بر ثانیه) و سه سطح دبی آب شور عبوری از روی صفحه جاذب فتوولتائیک (94، 189 و 283 کیلوگرم بر ساعت بر متر مربع سطح جمع کننده) انجام گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که بالاترین بازده تبخیرکننده حدود 80 درصد و بیشینه تبخیر روزانه حدود 4/7 کیلوگرم بود که در دبی جریان آب 189 کیلو گرم بر ساعت بر متر مربع و سرعت هوای خروجی 2 متر بر ثانیه مشاهده گردید. بالاترین کارایی چگالنده حدود 61 درصد و بیشینه آب شیرین تولیدشده حدود 8/4 کیلوگرم در هرروز بود که در دبی آب عبوری 189 کیلو گرم بر ساعت بر متر مربع و سرعت هوای خروجی 1 متر بر ثانیه، به دست آمد. با وجود آنکه دمای کاری پنل فتوولتائیک مرسوم، به‌طور قابل‌ملاحظه‌ای بالاتر (به‌طور متوسط 18 درجه سلسیوس) از حالت­های مختلف جمع­کننده­ی فتوولتائیک-گرمائی بود، بازده الکتریکی آن، به دلیل دریافت تابش بیشتر خورشید، بیشتر شد. 1 In this study, a novel solar water desalination system was proposed. The designed system worked based on the humidification – dehumidification (HD) method. It was comprised of a photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) evaporator, a condenser, fresh and saline water tanks, an air blower, and a water pump. The performance evaluation tests were conducted at three velocities of air leaving the exhaust pipe (1, 1.5 and 2m/s) and three levels of saline water passing over the photovoltaic module (94, 189 and 283kg.h-1 per m2 collector surface). The results showed that the highest evaporator efficiency was about 80% and the maximum daily evaporated water was about 7.4kg, which were observed at the water flow rate of 189kg.h-1m-2 and the air velocity of 2m/s. Whereas, a maximum condenser effectiveness of 61% and fresh water production of about 4.8kg per day were found at the water flow rate of 189kg.h-1m-2 and the air velocity of 1m/s. Although operating temperature of the conventional photovoltaic module was considerably higher than the PVT collector at the different working conditions, its electrical efficiency was also higher due to the more absorption of solar energy. 295 305 حمید مرتضی پور Hamid Mortezapour دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان ایران h.mortezapour@uk.ac.ir محمد حسن مصطفوی Mohammad Hassan Mostafavi بخش مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران ایران only.mhm@gmail.com کاظم جعفری نعیمی Kazem Jafari Naeimi بخش مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران ایران jafarinaeimi@uk.ac.ir محسن شمسی Mohsen Shamsi بخش مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران ایران shamsi@uk.ac.ir آب شیرین بازده الکتریکی تبخیرکننده چگالنده Akbari, A., gholinezhad, M., pourali, O. & amidpour, M. (2016). Two-objective optimization of heat recovery and desalinated water production from a once-through cooling system. Sharif: Mechanical Engineering, 32(3), 137-147. (In farsi)##Al-Karaghouli, A. & Kazmerski, L. L. (2013). Energy consumption and water production cost of conventional and renewable-energy-powered desalination processes. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 24, 343-356.##Ali, M. T., Fath, H. E. & Armstrong, P. R. (2011). A comprehensive techno-economical review of indirect solar desalination. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(8), 4187-4199.##Bahadori, M. N., Dehghani-Sanij, A. & Sayigh, A., (2016). Wind Towers. Springer, Place: Published.##Chandrashekara, M. & Yadav, A. (2017). Water desalination system using solar heat: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 67, 1308-1330.##Cohen-Tanugi, D. & Grossman, J. C. (2012). Water desalination across nanoporous graphene. Nano letters, 12(7), 3602-3608.##Duffie, J. A. & Beckman, W. A., (2013). Solar engineering of thermal processes. John Wiley & Sons, Place: Published.##Giwa, A., Fath, H. & Hasan, S. W. (2016). Humidification–dehumidification desalination process driven by photovoltaic thermal energy recovery (PV-HDH) for small-scale sustainable water and power production. Desalination, 377, 163-171.##Goetzberger, A. & Hoffmann, V. U., (2005). Photovoltaic solar energy generation. Springer Science & Business Media, Place: Published.##Hasanuzzaman, M., Rahim, N., Hosenuzzaman, M., Saidur, R., Mahbubul, I. & Rashid, M. (2012). Energy savings in the combustion based process heating in industrial sector. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(7), 4527-4536.##Jahanshahi Javaran, E., Hossein Khani, A. & Mohammadi, S. M. H. (2016). Manufacturing and simulation of a solar humidification-dehumidification desalination system. Modares Mechanical Engineering, 16(12), 239-248. (In Farsi)##Kabeel, A., Hamed, M. H., Omara, Z. & Sharshir, S. (2014). Experimental study of a humidification-dehumidification solar technique by natural and forced air circulation. Energy, 68, 218-228.##Zamen, M.,  Rezakhani, N., Rejabi, M.& Zeinali Danaloo, M. Al. A. (2015). Performance Evaluation of the Hybrid System of Domestic Solar Water Heater /Desalination System. Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran, 34(3), 91-102. (In Farsi)##Narayan, G. P., Sharqawy, M. H., Summers, E. K., Lienhard, J. H., Zubair, S. M. & Antar, M. (2010). The potential of solar-driven humidification–dehumidification desalination for small-scale decentralized water production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(4), 1187-1201.##Qiblawey, H. M. & Banat, F. (2008). Solar thermal desalination technologies. Desalination, 220(1-3), 633-644.##Sahay, A., Sethi, V., Tiwari, A. & Pandey, M. (2015). A review of solar photovoltaic panel cooling systems with special reference to Ground coupled central panel cooling system (GC-CPCS). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 42, 306-312.##Mohammadi Sarduei, M., Mortezapour, H. & Naeimi, K. J. (2017). Numerical analysis of using hybrid photovoltaic-thermal solar water heater in Iran. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 7(1), 221-233. (In Farsi)##Shalaby, S., Bek, M. & Kabeel, A. (2017). Design Recommendations for Humidification-dehumidification Solar Water Desalination Systems. Energy Procedia, 107, 270-274.##Sharon, H. & Reddy, K. (2015). A review of solar energy driven desalination technologies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 41, 1080-1118.##Shatat, M., Worall, M. & Riffat, S. (2013). Opportunities for solar water desalination worldwide. Sustainable cities and society, 9, 67-80.##Skoplaki, E. & Palyvos, J. A. (2009). On the temperature dependence of photovoltaic module electrical performance: A review of efficiency/power correlations, Solar energy, 83(5), 614-624.##Tabrizi, F. F., Khosravi, M. & Sani, I. S. (2016). Experimental study of a cascade solar still coupled with a humidification–dehumidification system. Energy Conversion and management, 115, 80-88.##Thole, B. 2013. Ground water contamination with fluoride and potential fluoride removal technologies for East and Southern Africa, Perspectives in Water Pollution. InTech.##Tyagi, V., Kaushik, S. & Tyagi, S. (2012). Advancement in solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) hybrid collector technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(3), 1383-1398.##van Helden, W. G., van Zolingen, R. J. C. & Zondag, H. A. (2004). PV thermal systems: PV panels supplying renewable electricity and heat. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 12(6), 415-426.##

0 مقایسه عملکرد دستگاه جوجه کشی مجهز به سامانه هیبریدی خورشیدی مبتنی بر کنترلر فازی با نمونه تجاری مرسوم Performance of an Egg Incubator instrumented with Hybrid System Based on Fuzzy Controller in compare with commercial Incubator https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_66833.html 10.22059/ijbse.2018.246599.665014 0 اولین مرحله در پرورش مرغ، تولید جوجه است که با توجه به رشد جمعیت به دستگاه جوجه‌کشی با عملکرد بالا نیاز است. در این پژوهش دو نمونه دستگاه جوجه‌کشی،یکی به سامانه هیبریدی با کنترلر فازی(HIFC) مجهز شد و نمونه دیگر بدون تغییر در ساختار بصورت ON/OFF  با هم مقایسه شدند. بر اساس نتایج راندمان جوجه‌آوری در سامانه HIFC %13/92 و در سامانه ON/OFF برابر %16/78 بود. سامانه HFIC عملکرد بهتری در کنترل یکنواخت شرایط محیطی نسبت به سامانه ON/OF نشان داد. انرژی مصرفی سامانه HIFC %25/31 از سامانه ON/OFF کمتر بود. میزان انرژی خورشیدی دریافت شده برای سامانه HIFC در یک دوره 21 روزه برابر kWh20/27 بود. در حالی که میزان انرژی مورد نیاز برابر با kWh24/24 است که 21/12% مازاد بر نیاز سامانه HIFC تولید می­شود. در صورتی که اگر از انرژی  هیبریدی در سامانه  ON/OFFاستفاده شود، فقط %77 توان مورد نیاز از این طریق تامین می­شود. 1 The first step in chicken breeding is the production of chicks, which requires a high-performance incubator. In this research, the performance of two incubators was compared. One of them was instrumented with a hybrid system based on fuzzy controller (HIFC), another one was the commercial incubator (ON/OFF). By comparing the important parameters to make suitable conditions for eggs hatchery, the percentage of eggs hatching, egg weight changes, chick’s hatch time and energy consumption were compared and evaluated. The result showed that the eggs hatching ratio was 92.13% for HIFC and 78.16% for ON/OFF systems. The HIFC system showed a better result in controlling egg environmental conditions than the ON/OFF system, based on eggs weight changes and chick’s hatch time. The energy consumption of the fuzzy controller was 31.25% less than the ON/OFF controller. The amount of energy received by the solar hybrid system over a 21 day periods was 27.20 kWh. For the HIFC system, the amount of energy needed for a hatching period was 24.24 kWh which shows an excess energy of 12.21%. For the ON/OFF system, contribution of solar hybrid system for power requirement was 77%. 307 318 ابراهیم احمد ابراهیم حسن Ibrahim Ahmed-Ibrahim-Hassan دانشگاه تهران، گروه مهندسی ماشین های کشاورزی ایران abudfatir@ut.ac.ir رضا علیمردانی Reza Alimardani عضو هیئت عملی، گروه مهندسی ماشین های کشاورزی ایران rmardani@ut.ac.ir علی حاجی احمد Ali Hajiahmad عضو هیأت علمی گروه مهندسی ماشین های کشاورزی ایران hajiahmad@ut.ac.ir حمید عبدالملکی Hamid Abdolmaleki دانشگاه تهران، گروه ماشینهای کشاورزی ایران abdolmaleki_h@ut.ac.ir سامانه هیبریدی جوجه‌کشی شرایط محیطی کنترلر فازی Anon, (2010)  The Statistical Reference for Poultry Executives. Watt Executive Guide to World Poultry Trends 2010. www.WATTAgNet.com##Anon, (2015) Sudan Energy Research Center – Department of Solar Energy.##Archer, G. S. & Cartwright, A. L. (2012) Incubating and Hatching Eggs. Agrilife extension. Texas.##Castañeda-Miranda, R. Ventura-Ramos E, del Rocío Peniche-Vera R. & Herrera-Ruiz G. 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0 بررسی اثر جدا و ترکیبی عصاره گیاه اوجی (Mentha aquatic) در پایدارسازی روغن آفتابگردان تحت شرایط حرارتی Evaluation the separated and combined effect of Mentha aquatic extract in stabilizing of sunflower oil under thermal condition https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_66834.html 10.22059/ijbse.2018.247669.665018 0 عصاره گیاه اوجی Mentha aquatique با استفاده از اولتراسوند و ماسراسیون (اتانول:آب (80:20)) استخراج شد و با یکدیگر مقایسه شدند. فنول کل عصاره در روش ماسراسیون و اولتراسوند به ترتیب 16/45 mg GA/g و 92/51 mg GA/g عصاره به دست آمد. فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی غلظت­های مختلف عصاره (50، 100، 250، 500، 1000 و 1500 ppm)­ با روش مهار رادیکال آزاد DPPH اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد در هر دو عصاره با افزایش غلظت عصاره فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی افزایش می یابد.  عصاره­ها در غلظت 1000 ppm با آنتی اکسیدان سنتزی TBHQ اختلاف معنی دار آماری نداشتند و برای اضافه شدن به روغن آفتابگردان انتخاب شدند. پایداری حرارتی نمونه های روغن حاوی عصاره به صورت جداگانه و ترکیبی (1000 ppm) در دمای 180 درجه سانتیگراد ارزیابی شد. TBHQ در غلظت 100 ppm به عنوان استاندارد در کنار نمونه شاهد استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد طی فرآیند سرخ کردن روغن اکسایش افزایش می­یابد. نمونه کنترل کمترین پایداری اکسایشی و نمونه حاوی عصاره ترکیبی بیشترین پایداری اکسایشی را نشان دادند. در نهایت افزودن 1000 ppm از عصاره ترکیبی می­تواند بهتر از 100 ppm از TBHQ در جلوگیری از اکسایش روغن آفتابگردان طی فرآیند سرخ کردن عمل نماید و بعنوان یک آنتی اکسیدان طبیعی جهت مصرف در روغن های خوراکی پیشنهاد می گردد. 1 The extracts of Mentha aquatique by ultrasound assisted and maceration (ethanol: water (80:20)) extraction method were compared. The total phenolic content of extracts were obtained 45.16 mg GA/g and 51.92 mg GA/g Extract in maceration and ultrasound-assisted method respectively. The antioxidant activity of different concentration of extracts (50, 100, 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm) were measured by DPPH radical scavenging method. The results shows that in both extracts by increasing in concentration of extract antioxidant activity were increased. Both extract at 1000 ppm of concentration have no significant statistical difference by TBHQ and they selected to add in sunflower oil. The thermal stability of samples containing separated and mixture extracts (1000 ppm) evaluated at 180 °C. TBHQ at 100 ppm served as standard besides the control. The results showed that during frying process oil oxidation were increased. Control sample had the least oxidative stability and sample containing mix extract showed the highest oxidative stability. 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