University of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420Effect of basil seed mucilage on physical, sensory and staling properties of sponge cakeEffect of basil seed mucilage on physical, sensory and staling properties of sponge cake195847210.22059/ijbse.2016.58472FASeyed HadiPeighambardoustProfessor of Food Technology, Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-8438-7315AzizHomayouni RadAssociate Prof., Department of Food Science, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.SamiraBeikzadehMSc student, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesMohammadAsghari Jafar-abadiAssociate Prof., Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Faculty of Hygiene, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20150602Retarding the staling rate of baked goods is one of the most important issues which is of nutritional and economical importance. Application of native plant and seed hydrocolloids and mucilages with medicinal and nutritional value is an economic solution to postpone the staling phenomenon. In this study the effect of different concentrations of basil seed mucilage (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% w/w) on cake batter specific gravity and physical properties of cake (volume, apparent density, symmetry, and moisture), firmness, staling and sensory attributes were investigated. The highest specific gravity was observed in sample including 1% mucilage. The samples containing 0.25% and 0.5% basil seed mucilage had no significant (p>0.05) difference compared control sample for volume, apparent density and symmetry. However, the samples containing 0.25% and 0.5% basil seed mucilage had the highest moisture content during 1, 7 and 14 days after baking. The lowest firmness was observed in sample including 0.25% gum (1, 7 and 14 days after baking). Also the results showed that the addition of basil seed mucilage up to 0.5% significantly (p<0.05) increased overall acceptability of sponge cakes in comparison with control sample.Retarding the staling rate of baked goods is one of the most important issues which is of nutritional and economical importance. Application of native plant and seed hydrocolloids and mucilages with medicinal and nutritional value is an economic solution to postpone the staling phenomenon. In this study the effect of different concentrations of basil seed mucilage (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% w/w) on cake batter specific gravity and physical properties of cake (volume, apparent density, symmetry, and moisture), firmness, staling and sensory attributes were investigated. The highest specific gravity was observed in sample including 1% mucilage. The samples containing 0.25% and 0.5% basil seed mucilage had no significant (p>0.05) difference compared control sample for volume, apparent density and symmetry. However, the samples containing 0.25% and 0.5% basil seed mucilage had the highest moisture content during 1, 7 and 14 days after baking. The lowest firmness was observed in sample including 0.25% gum (1, 7 and 14 days after baking). Also the results showed that the addition of basil seed mucilage up to 0.5% significantly (p<0.05) increased overall acceptability of sponge cakes in comparison with control sample.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58472_08bb42a242d535b301a9e371140822a4.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420Effect of Production Conditions on Efficiency and Properties of Niosomes Incorporating Natural CanthaxanthinEffect of Production Conditions on Efficiency and Properties of Niosomes Incorporating Natural Canthaxanthin11195847310.22059/ijbse.2016.58473FAMaryamRavaghiPh.D. student, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Tehran UniversitySeyed HadiRazaviProfessor, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Tehran University, KarajSeyed MohammadMousaviProfessor, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Tehran University, Karaj, 02632248804, postal code0000-0001-5194-0260Journal Article20150127In this study canthaxanthin was produced by Dietzia natronolimnaea HS1 and used for incorporation in niosomes after extraction. Effect of rotational speed of rotary vacuum evaporator flask (100 and 150 rpm), canthaxanthin concentration (0, 1 and 2 microgram/ milliliter), concentration of poly ethylene glycol 400 (0, 0.1 and 0.2 %), surfactant type (Tween 60 and 80, Span 60 and 80) and surfactant to cholesterol micromolar ratio (100:100, 120:80, 140:60) on efficiency and noisome properties were evaluated. The results showed that rotational speed of 150 rpm, canthxanthin concentration of 2 g/ml, polyethylene glycol 400 concentration of 0.2% and surfactant to cholesterol ratio of 100:100 produced niosomes with higher efficiency and smaller size. Utilization of span 60 with similar efficiency to span 80, smaller and more uniform vesicle size using ethanol as solvent was preferred.In this study canthaxanthin was produced by Dietzia natronolimnaea HS1 and used for incorporation in niosomes after extraction. Effect of rotational speed of rotary vacuum evaporator flask (100 and 150 rpm), canthaxanthin concentration (0, 1 and 2 microgram/ milliliter), concentration of poly ethylene glycol 400 (0, 0.1 and 0.2 %), surfactant type (Tween 60 and 80, Span 60 and 80) and surfactant to cholesterol micromolar ratio (100:100, 120:80, 140:60) on efficiency and noisome properties were evaluated. The results showed that rotational speed of 150 rpm, canthxanthin concentration of 2 g/ml, polyethylene glycol 400 concentration of 0.2% and surfactant to cholesterol ratio of 100:100 produced niosomes with higher efficiency and smaller size. Utilization of span 60 with similar efficiency to span 80, smaller and more uniform vesicle size using ethanol as solvent was preferred.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58473_4e900c079b0e63b9eb75a8200b5b7bc8.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420Manufacturing and testing of a system to detect bee colony density inside the hive using machine visionManufacturing and testing of a system to detect bee colony density inside the hive using machine vision21295847410.22059/ijbse.2016.58474FASamanAbdanan Mahdizadehدانشگاه رامین خوزستان0000-0002-4798-8031MaryamSoltani KazemiJournal Article20150806The aim of this research was to construct an equipped hive with the acquisition, communication and analysis systems to send images on-line, wirelessly. This system could be used to evaluate density of bee colonies and also work as bait box to eliminate bee pest, if necessary. In this study, two methods, optical flow and neighborhood gray-tone difference matrix, were used to determine hive condition and bee activities. According to the results of optical flow analysis, mean was able to detect bulk of existing bee inside the hive at the confidence level of 5%. According to analysis of the texture, the parameters of busyness and complexity have a significant relationship with the bee’s density inside the hive (p<0.05). Moreover, in order to organizing the data in groups the classification algorithms based on Bayesian theorem was developed and executed. Concord to classification results, combination of mean with complexity and mean with busyness could classify the data with the total accuracy 98.67 and 92.95, respectivelyThe aim of this research was to construct an equipped hive with the acquisition, communication and analysis systems to send images on-line, wirelessly. This system could be used to evaluate density of bee colonies and also work as bait box to eliminate bee pest, if necessary. In this study, two methods, optical flow and neighborhood gray-tone difference matrix, were used to determine hive condition and bee activities. According to the results of optical flow analysis, mean was able to detect bulk of existing bee inside the hive at the confidence level of 5%. According to analysis of the texture, the parameters of busyness and complexity have a significant relationship with the bee’s density inside the hive (p<0.05). Moreover, in order to organizing the data in groups the classification algorithms based on Bayesian theorem was developed and executed. Concord to classification results, combination of mean with complexity and mean with busyness could classify the data with the total accuracy 98.67 and 92.95, respectivelyhttps://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58474_824a1dc7b4d566aeb78f866d278dbc7c.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420Evaluation of the Physical stability of garlic powder dried by freeze and cabinet dryingEvaluation of the Physical stability of garlic powder dried by freeze and cabinet drying31385847510.22059/ijbse.2016.58475FAFaribaBayatMember of the Scientific Board, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre of Hamedan, IranFojanBadiimember of scientific board - Agricultural Engineering Research InstituteZahraRafiee DarsangiJournal Article20150309Sorption isotherm and thermal properties of powders were used for determining stability during storage. Garlic slices with 2 mm thickness were dried, using two methods of freeze and cabinet drying. The results showed that, the density, loss of pyruvate and color changes of the freeze dried powder were less than those of the cabinet dried powder. Sorption isotherm curves of the both garlic powders changed slightly up to 0.40 water activity and increased drastically at higher water activity values. The glass transition temperature of freeze dried powder with 50.36 ºC at 6.98 % moisture content was more than cabinet dried powder with 44.5 ºC at 7.68 % moisture content. The glass transition temperatures of the powders decreased with increasing in their moisture contents. The critical condition for the storage of garlic powder was the water activity higher than 0.55 and the temperatures above 35 ºC that increased the risk of moisture absorption and agglomeration of the garlic powder.Sorption isotherm and thermal properties of powders were used for determining stability during storage. Garlic slices with 2 mm thickness were dried, using two methods of freeze and cabinet drying. The results showed that, the density, loss of pyruvate and color changes of the freeze dried powder were less than those of the cabinet dried powder. Sorption isotherm curves of the both garlic powders changed slightly up to 0.40 water activity and increased drastically at higher water activity values. The glass transition temperature of freeze dried powder with 50.36 ºC at 6.98 % moisture content was more than cabinet dried powder with 44.5 ºC at 7.68 % moisture content. The glass transition temperatures of the powders decreased with increasing in their moisture contents. The critical condition for the storage of garlic powder was the water activity higher than 0.55 and the temperatures above 35 ºC that increased the risk of moisture absorption and agglomeration of the garlic powder.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58475_fbf99289e8c1a22ee95ae6d2fb8ec4ea.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420Evaluating functional factors of electrostatic spraying for the upper and rear surfaces of the leaves using image processingEvaluating functional factors of electrostatic spraying for the upper and rear surfaces of the leaves using image processing39495847610.22059/ijbse.2016.58476FAHosseinHaji Agha AlizadehHasanPoorVosooghiAmir AbbasBakhtiariJournal Article20150810The necessity to use pesticides in agriculture, provides environmental pollution at the same time, and significant part of the agri-economy is allocated to this reseon. Therefore, it is important issues to use of pesticides, with the highest degree of effectiveness and minimal loss. In this study, electrostatic spraying and its functional factors were evaluated. The applied experimental design was completely randomized factorial test with three replications. Investigated Factors include the distance electrostatic head to the target (three levels), the engine rotational speed sprayer (at three levels) and the discharge of soluble from the nozzle outlet (at three levels). As well as to determine the amount of drift for charged toxin particles, factors factorial experiment with the electric charging factor (two levels), the wind speed (two levels) and the distance from the head (at three levels) was performed. Assessment of pesticides particle images effects on water sensitive paper, was conducted using image processing toolbox of MATLAB and coding an image processing algorithm. The results showed that significance of examined factors were different depend on the upper and rear surfaces of leaves, in some cases. Also in surface coverage percent factor, electric charging of particles statistically significant with a probability of 99%.The necessity to use pesticides in agriculture, provides environmental pollution at the same time, and significant part of the agri-economy is allocated to this reseon. Therefore, it is important issues to use of pesticides, with the highest degree of effectiveness and minimal loss. In this study, electrostatic spraying and its functional factors were evaluated. The applied experimental design was completely randomized factorial test with three replications. Investigated Factors include the distance electrostatic head to the target (three levels), the engine rotational speed sprayer (at three levels) and the discharge of soluble from the nozzle outlet (at three levels). As well as to determine the amount of drift for charged toxin particles, factors factorial experiment with the electric charging factor (two levels), the wind speed (two levels) and the distance from the head (at three levels) was performed. Assessment of pesticides particle images effects on water sensitive paper, was conducted using image processing toolbox of MATLAB and coding an image processing algorithm. The results showed that significance of examined factors were different depend on the upper and rear surfaces of leaves, in some cases. Also in surface coverage percent factor, electric charging of particles statistically significant with a probability of 99%.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58476_c0fbf49059ba1ed2314567e8c2077e26.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420Effect of moisture content and frequency in dielectric properties of two paddy varietyEffect of moisture content and frequency in dielectric properties of two paddy variety51615847710.22059/ijbse.2016.58477FAMohammadTahmasebiMSc. Student, Faculty of Crop Engineering,
Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources0000-0001-5691-1469RezaTabatabaei KolorScientific member/Department of Mechanics of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Crop Engineering,
Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesJafarHashemiScientific member/Department of Mechanics of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Crop Engineering,
Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesJournal Article20140819Dielectric properties of agricultural products is one of the most important physical properties of Agricultural and food products and these properties are used heavily in developing as new technology for use in agriculture and related industries. Therefore, in this study investigated the changes in the dielectric properties of Pazhohesh and Ghaem varieties of paddy as a dielectric material four moisture content levels (13%, 16%, 19% and 22% dry basis) and frequency levels (100, 300, 500, 700 KHz) at a factorial design on a completely randomized design base; Results showed that there was no significant difference between investigated varieties in terms of dielectric properties. Also the Moisture content has significant and multiplier effect in all dielectric properties of paddy. It also increases the frequency of the input voltage leads to increased conductivity of paddy, but the reverse effect on the relative dielectric constant and loss factor. Also among interaction effects these factors, only the interaction of moisture and frequency, Has a significant influence on the relative dielectric constant and loss factor.Dielectric properties of agricultural products is one of the most important physical properties of Agricultural and food products and these properties are used heavily in developing as new technology for use in agriculture and related industries. Therefore, in this study investigated the changes in the dielectric properties of Pazhohesh and Ghaem varieties of paddy as a dielectric material four moisture content levels (13%, 16%, 19% and 22% dry basis) and frequency levels (100, 300, 500, 700 KHz) at a factorial design on a completely randomized design base; Results showed that there was no significant difference between investigated varieties in terms of dielectric properties. Also the Moisture content has significant and multiplier effect in all dielectric properties of paddy. It also increases the frequency of the input voltage leads to increased conductivity of paddy, but the reverse effect on the relative dielectric constant and loss factor. Also among interaction effects these factors, only the interaction of moisture and frequency, Has a significant influence on the relative dielectric constant and loss factor.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58477_be7e2fc2aa9d8bc78de2627767df064f.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420EVALUATION OF SOUND AS A DETERRENT FOR REDUCING BIRD DAMAGE TO FARM FIELDSEVALUATION OF SOUND AS A DETERRENT FOR REDUCING BIRD DAMAGE TO FARM FIELDS63715847810.22059/ijbse.2016.58478FAIsaZare Ghale AbdshahiRezaYeganehJournal Article20150407Birds, sometimes numbering in millions, can cause serious damage to grain fields. In order to find a method to accordance with environmental issues and effective in controlling these birds, in this research, the effect of sound was studied for keep birds away. The broadcast unit was developed with the following design criteria: 1) Three sound levels of hawk, gas gun and sparrow distress, with frequencies of 1, 5 and 10 kHz. 2) The combination of the sounds of cannon gas and sparrow distress with a frequency of 5 kHz and 3) In the morning and evening. The result showed percent flight birds was by mixture sound 92.46, gas gun 82.90, sparrow distress 74.58 and hawk 48.22. There was no significant difference between numbers of bird’s flight after sound producing in the different frequencies. Also, it was recognized that percent of flight birds in the morning was 8.06 more than in the afternoon.Birds, sometimes numbering in millions, can cause serious damage to grain fields. In order to find a method to accordance with environmental issues and effective in controlling these birds, in this research, the effect of sound was studied for keep birds away. The broadcast unit was developed with the following design criteria: 1) Three sound levels of hawk, gas gun and sparrow distress, with frequencies of 1, 5 and 10 kHz. 2) The combination of the sounds of cannon gas and sparrow distress with a frequency of 5 kHz and 3) In the morning and evening. The result showed percent flight birds was by mixture sound 92.46, gas gun 82.90, sparrow distress 74.58 and hawk 48.22. There was no significant difference between numbers of bird’s flight after sound producing in the different frequencies. Also, it was recognized that percent of flight birds in the morning was 8.06 more than in the afternoon.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58478_fcbf5e641bad65600444771220befeea.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420Modeling of different subsoiler tines performance using discrete element methodModeling of different subsoiler tines performance using discrete element method73825847910.22059/ijbse.2016.58479FAGholamhoseinShahgholi0000-0001-9608-3020SirvanHajiMamandiJournal Article20150604For designing tillage implements it would be better to estimate soil forces exerted to the implements. Many researches showed that numerical method of discrete element method (DEM) is the cheapest and fastest technique for modeling granular material such as soil and especially sandy soil. In this study, paraplow and bentleg tines performance was compared with conventional tine using experimental and numerical methods. Experiments were conducted in a soil bin at Agricultural Machinery department of Urmia University based on factorial experimental design with three replications. Three types of tine at 5 levels of travel speed of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 km/h at constant depth of 35 cm were examined. Before modeling to calibrate DEM parameters, soil parameters were calibrated by shear test simulation. Then tine and soil bin with certain dimension were modeled by PFC3D software. Results of analysis of variance and mean comparison showed that tine type and travel speed had significant effect on draft force. Bentleg tine had the lowest draft in comparison to the other tines, while the conventional tine had the highest.For designing tillage implements it would be better to estimate soil forces exerted to the implements. Many researches showed that numerical method of discrete element method (DEM) is the cheapest and fastest technique for modeling granular material such as soil and especially sandy soil. In this study, paraplow and bentleg tines performance was compared with conventional tine using experimental and numerical methods. Experiments were conducted in a soil bin at Agricultural Machinery department of Urmia University based on factorial experimental design with three replications. Three types of tine at 5 levels of travel speed of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 km/h at constant depth of 35 cm were examined. Before modeling to calibrate DEM parameters, soil parameters were calibrated by shear test simulation. Then tine and soil bin with certain dimension were modeled by PFC3D software. Results of analysis of variance and mean comparison showed that tine type and travel speed had significant effect on draft force. Bentleg tine had the lowest draft in comparison to the other tines, while the conventional tine had the highest.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58479_ab1a40d752a0a40d2ecbec2965acfe3d.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420The study of the factors affecting the development of mechanization of rice cultivation in Guilan province by Delphi techniqueThe study of the factors affecting the development of mechanization of rice cultivation in Guilan province by Delphi technique83925848010.22059/ijbse.2016.58480FASaeidYousefzadehUniversity student (M.Sc.)SaeedFirouziAcademic staffJournal Article20150620A Delphi study was conducted in three phases to identify the driving and inhibiting factors of the development of mechanized cultivation of rice in Guilan province. After consultation with professors and researchers in related institutions, 30 experts from the agricultural organization of Guilan province and its subsidiary offices as well as faculty members of agricultural research centers of Guilan province were identified and selected for the study. Results showed that “The development of infrastructures such as increasing the number of transplanting banks” with the acquisition of 97.5% of the final agreement of mechanization experts and “Improve the machinery’s after-sales services, especially for imported machines and equipments with 95.8% of experts agreement were the most driving factors for the development of paddy fields mechanization in Guilan province. The Delphi study of inhibiting factors also indicated that “the small and scattered paddy fields” with acquisition of 97.5% of the experts agreement and “Low price of milled rice” with acquisition of 92.5% of experts agreement were the top inhibiting factors of the development of rice mechanized cultivation in Guilan province.A Delphi study was conducted in three phases to identify the driving and inhibiting factors of the development of mechanized cultivation of rice in Guilan province. After consultation with professors and researchers in related institutions, 30 experts from the agricultural organization of Guilan province and its subsidiary offices as well as faculty members of agricultural research centers of Guilan province were identified and selected for the study. Results showed that “The development of infrastructures such as increasing the number of transplanting banks” with the acquisition of 97.5% of the final agreement of mechanization experts and “Improve the machinery’s after-sales services, especially for imported machines and equipments with 95.8% of experts agreement were the most driving factors for the development of paddy fields mechanization in Guilan province. The Delphi study of inhibiting factors also indicated that “the small and scattered paddy fields” with acquisition of 97.5% of the experts agreement and “Low price of milled rice” with acquisition of 92.5% of experts agreement were the top inhibiting factors of the development of rice mechanized cultivation in Guilan province.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58480_19c9103e4dff12924fa76c64b07874df.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420Effect of Microwave Heating Treatment on Mortality on Date Red Palm Weevi l (Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus) For In chemical CombatEffect of Microwave Heating Treatment on Mortality on Date Red Palm Weevi l (Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus) For In chemical Combat931015848110.22059/ijbse.2016.58481FASaeedMollazehiHasanSadrniaJournal Article20150220For fighting with blights and studying on effect of thickness, two experiments were done. The first series were included independent variable ages of blight in four levels (age1,age2,age3 and age4) and the thermal care temperature in four levels(10,15,20 and 30 seconds) and the dependent variable is death rate . The second series were included independent variables thermal care temperature in three levels (30, 60 and 100 seconds) and the thickness in three area (5, 10, 12 cm) and the dependent variable is death rate. The results showed that the most fatalities is pertaining to age 3 with 100 percent death and the least fatalities is pertaining to age1 and 4. The results showed that the death rate with thickness is reverse and with heating treatment time is direct.For fighting with blights and studying on effect of thickness, two experiments were done. The first series were included independent variable ages of blight in four levels (age1,age2,age3 and age4) and the thermal care temperature in four levels(10,15,20 and 30 seconds) and the dependent variable is death rate . The second series were included independent variables thermal care temperature in three levels (30, 60 and 100 seconds) and the thickness in three area (5, 10, 12 cm) and the dependent variable is death rate. The results showed that the most fatalities is pertaining to age 3 with 100 percent death and the least fatalities is pertaining to age1 and 4. The results showed that the death rate with thickness is reverse and with heating treatment time is direct.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58481_3aec913b895a9112e968109fdaf02b65.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420Investigating the Effects of Using Biodiesel Extracted from Persian lilac Seeds on the Performance of a Diesel EngineInvestigating the Effects of Using Biodiesel Extracted from Persian lilac Seeds on the Performance of a Diesel Engine1031105848210.22059/ijbse.2016.58482FAAhmadGhazanfari Moghadam0000-0001-9664-2793HoseinJamMohsenShamsiJournal Article20140115The gradual depletion of fossil fuels and the increase on their cost have made the researchers to look for renewable sources of energy. Biodiesel fuel has attracted many researchers due to its low environmental pollution and being a renewable fuel. In this research, biodiesel was prepared by transesrtification of Persian lilac seed oil. The prepared fuel was mixed with regular petro diesel in 0, 10, 20, 30 and 100% proportions (biodiesel/diesel). The moisture was tested using a diesel engine operating at 1300 to 1800 rpm with a variable load of 200, 250 and 300 Nm. The test results indicated that with increase in proportion of biodiesel/diesel the break specific fuel consumption (bsfc) increased and the break mean effective pressure (bmep) decreased. When pure biodiesel was used as fuel, in comparison with pure diesel fuel, bsfc increased up to 68.9% and bmep decreased up to 13.4%. The best performance for the blended fuel was achieved when using B10 or B20. With theseblends, the increase in bsfcwas 4.9 and 6.8%, respectively and thedecrease in bmep was3.6 and 4.3%, respectively. The gradual depletion of fossil fuels and the increase on their cost have made the researchers to look for renewable sources of energy. Biodiesel fuel has attracted many researchers due to its low environmental pollution and being a renewable fuel. In this research, biodiesel was prepared by transesrtification of Persian lilac seed oil. The prepared fuel was mixed with regular petro diesel in 0, 10, 20, 30 and 100% proportions (biodiesel/diesel). The moisture was tested using a diesel engine operating at 1300 to 1800 rpm with a variable load of 200, 250 and 300 Nm. The test results indicated that with increase in proportion of biodiesel/diesel the break specific fuel consumption (bsfc) increased and the break mean effective pressure (bmep) decreased. When pure biodiesel was used as fuel, in comparison with pure diesel fuel, bsfc increased up to 68.9% and bmep decreased up to 13.4%. The best performance for the blended fuel was achieved when using B10 or B20. With theseblends, the increase in bsfcwas 4.9 and 6.8%, respectively and thedecrease in bmep was3.6 and 4.3%, respectively. https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58482_8478fe41c80431e5343da65c14312d11.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420Design, installation and evaluation a automatic atmosphere controlled cold storageDesign, installation and evaluation a automatic atmosphere controlled cold storage1111185848310.22059/ijbse.2016.58483FAMohammad HoseinSaeidi RadSoodabehEinAfsharSaeidZarif Neshat0000-0002-9787-0787SamadNazarzadeh OghazJournal Article20150411One way to increase the shelf life of agriculture products is using of controlled atmosphere storages. In order to obtain the controlled gas components, an equipped cold store with cooling system and atmosphere controller system designed and constructed. The injection of CO2, O2 and N2 were controlled automatically into the store by programable logic control (PLC). The store was a laboratory refrigerator with 780 litters' capacity. Three 10 kg capsules were feeding the gases of CO2, O2 and N2. Three sensors were sensing the concentration of CO2 and O2 and air pressure in the store and three electrical value were controlled the injection of CO2, O2 and N2. Finally, the gas injection controlled system was evaluated in three components of CO2, O2 and N2. The results showed that the gas injection controlled system was performed with 17.55 average error percentage. The average error of cooling system related to the adjusted temperature was 19.87%.One way to increase the shelf life of agriculture products is using of controlled atmosphere storages. In order to obtain the controlled gas components, an equipped cold store with cooling system and atmosphere controller system designed and constructed. The injection of CO2, O2 and N2 were controlled automatically into the store by programable logic control (PLC). The store was a laboratory refrigerator with 780 litters' capacity. Three 10 kg capsules were feeding the gases of CO2, O2 and N2. Three sensors were sensing the concentration of CO2 and O2 and air pressure in the store and three electrical value were controlled the injection of CO2, O2 and N2. Finally, the gas injection controlled system was evaluated in three components of CO2, O2 and N2. The results showed that the gas injection controlled system was performed with 17.55 average error percentage. The average error of cooling system related to the adjusted temperature was 19.87%.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58483_4dc81a70490100c0bfa13295418a1b0a.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420Kinetics of generation and extraction of reducing sugars and color changes during blanching of potato strips in hot waterKinetics of generation and extraction of reducing sugars and color changes during blanching of potato strips in hot water1191255848410.22059/ijbse.2016.58484FAHamedBeykiesfahan university of thechnologyNasserHamdamiAssociate Professor of Isfahan University of Technology0000-0001-8491-857XJournal Article20150730In order to investigate the effect of temperature and time of blanching process on the generation and extraction of reducing sugars and kinetics of color changes during blanching, the potato strips packaged in the polyethylene (HDPE with 10 micron thickness) film or without polyethylene packaging, were immersed in distilled water at temperature range of 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 ºC for 120 minutes. The results showed that increasing the temperature of blanching accelerated the diffusion of reducing sugars but the generation of these sugars is decreased with increasing temperature and stopped at 80 and 90 ºC. Increasing temperature and time of blanching were also reduced colorimetric parameters significantly (P<0.01). Kinetic modeling results showed that the first order kinetic with production rate limiting effect had the most conformity with experimental data of reducing sugars generation and redness-greenness parameter changes while the extraction of reducing sugars and darkness-lightness and yellowness-blueness parameters changes followed a first order kinetics.In order to investigate the effect of temperature and time of blanching process on the generation and extraction of reducing sugars and kinetics of color changes during blanching, the potato strips packaged in the polyethylene (HDPE with 10 micron thickness) film or without polyethylene packaging, were immersed in distilled water at temperature range of 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 ºC for 120 minutes. The results showed that increasing the temperature of blanching accelerated the diffusion of reducing sugars but the generation of these sugars is decreased with increasing temperature and stopped at 80 and 90 ºC. Increasing temperature and time of blanching were also reduced colorimetric parameters significantly (P<0.01). Kinetic modeling results showed that the first order kinetic with production rate limiting effect had the most conformity with experimental data of reducing sugars generation and redness-greenness parameter changes while the extraction of reducing sugars and darkness-lightness and yellowness-blueness parameters changes followed a first order kinetics.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58484_026398bb2a6668e6427ffd56d7220143.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420Effects of ultrasound pretreatm in soaking on physico- chemical properties of two Iranian rice varietyEffects of ultrasound pretreatm in soaking on physico- chemical properties of two Iranian rice variety1271385848510.22059/ijbse.2016.58485FAHakimehGhanoon NeiriziMohammadAboonajmi0000-0003-4220-0353SaraMovahhedJournal Article20150627In this research,the effect of power ultrasound (20 kHz ,800 and 1000W) at 20.40 and 60 minutes on physico-chemical properties of two rice varieties Tarom and Neda was investigated and by the soaking method in controlled temperature (47°C) compared.<br />Results showed the maximum amount of water absorption of rice, observed at 60 minutes ultrasound treatment (1000W) and the lowest was observed in control treatment of 20 minutes soaking,The highest rate of TDS and EC was observed in rice Tarom and Maximum TDS and EC was observed at 60 minutes sonication(800 W) while the lowest was at 20 minutes soaking treatment.The most amount of the rice length was observed in the Neda variety for 20 minutes of ultrasound treatment (1000 watts). Results of this research showed the pre-treatment of rice using ultrasound method compared to the conventional method is effective in soaking rice.In this research,the effect of power ultrasound (20 kHz ,800 and 1000W) at 20.40 and 60 minutes on physico-chemical properties of two rice varieties Tarom and Neda was investigated and by the soaking method in controlled temperature (47°C) compared.<br />Results showed the maximum amount of water absorption of rice, observed at 60 minutes ultrasound treatment (1000W) and the lowest was observed in control treatment of 20 minutes soaking,The highest rate of TDS and EC was observed in rice Tarom and Maximum TDS and EC was observed at 60 minutes sonication(800 W) while the lowest was at 20 minutes soaking treatment.The most amount of the rice length was observed in the Neda variety for 20 minutes of ultrasound treatment (1000 watts). Results of this research showed the pre-treatment of rice using ultrasound method compared to the conventional method is effective in soaking rice.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58485_90c5c3e545014b08b03618897ba857f4.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420Environmental impacts of watermelon production in Guilan province through Life Cycle AssessmentEnvironmental impacts of watermelon production in Guilan province through Life Cycle Assessment1391465848610.22059/ijbse.2016.58486FAAllahyarMohammadi-BarsariSaeidFirooziHashemAminpanahJournal Article20151024Iran is among the biggest emitters of greenhouse gasses in the world. Agricultural sector has a remarkable role in non-renewable energy consumption and then, the environmental impacts in this country. In this regard, the environmental impacts of watermelon production as the most important melons produced in Guilan province of Iran were investigated through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The primary data were gathered using the questioners and face to face interview with 58 watermelon producers in Kiashahr region of Guilan Province in 2014. The environmental impacts were classified into six impact categories including global warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication, depletion of fossil resources, depletion of phosphate and potash resources. Results revealed that the terrestrial eutrophication (0.185) followed by depletion of phosphate resources (0.116) had the highest negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, efficient use of chemical fertilizers, specially nitrogen fertilizer and replacing them with a variety of organic fertilizers and using the bio-fertilizers can reduce the negative environmental impacts of watermelon production in terms of terrestrial eutrophication and phosphorus fertilizers groups in Guilan Province, Iran.Iran is among the biggest emitters of greenhouse gasses in the world. Agricultural sector has a remarkable role in non-renewable energy consumption and then, the environmental impacts in this country. In this regard, the environmental impacts of watermelon production as the most important melons produced in Guilan province of Iran were investigated through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The primary data were gathered using the questioners and face to face interview with 58 watermelon producers in Kiashahr region of Guilan Province in 2014. The environmental impacts were classified into six impact categories including global warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication, depletion of fossil resources, depletion of phosphate and potash resources. Results revealed that the terrestrial eutrophication (0.185) followed by depletion of phosphate resources (0.116) had the highest negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, efficient use of chemical fertilizers, specially nitrogen fertilizer and replacing them with a variety of organic fertilizers and using the bio-fertilizers can reduce the negative environmental impacts of watermelon production in terms of terrestrial eutrophication and phosphorus fertilizers groups in Guilan Province, Iran.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58486_28d9597b44e5677c832a43df32cb7575.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420Investigating Possibility of Using Low Pressure Rotary Fog System to Control the Temperature of Poultry HousesInvestigating Possibility of Using Low Pressure Rotary Fog System to Control the Temperature of Poultry Houses1471575848710.22059/ijbse.2016.58487FARaminJafariMehdiBagheriJournal Article20140203Distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere of the room poultry houses is usually an effective and economical solution to reduce heat stress of the chickens. Experimental studies were conducted in a small saloon located in the farm machinery department of shiraz university. The rotary cup fogging system consisted of a cup which was derived by DC motor. Rotational speed of the cup caused the water distributed into the air in a small particles.The effects of rotary speed of cup (at three levels), cup materials, and the quality of cup inner surface were investigated. <br />Results revealed that increasing in the rotary speed of cup causes an increase in the relative humidity of the room and decreasing the room temperature. İncreasing in the cup rotary speed caused an increase in the fraction of water which was vaporized (β). The cup material was significantly affect on the in/out temperature ratio. The mentioned ratio was lower for Teflon cup than aluminum one.Distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere of the room poultry houses is usually an effective and economical solution to reduce heat stress of the chickens. Experimental studies were conducted in a small saloon located in the farm machinery department of shiraz university. The rotary cup fogging system consisted of a cup which was derived by DC motor. Rotational speed of the cup caused the water distributed into the air in a small particles.The effects of rotary speed of cup (at three levels), cup materials, and the quality of cup inner surface were investigated. <br />Results revealed that increasing in the rotary speed of cup causes an increase in the relative humidity of the room and decreasing the room temperature. İncreasing in the cup rotary speed caused an increase in the fraction of water which was vaporized (β). The cup material was significantly affect on the in/out temperature ratio. The mentioned ratio was lower for Teflon cup than aluminum one.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58487_3c26496c57764077d8ef078e75185ba3.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420Effect of Different Drying Methods on Viscosity and Gelation of Lipidium Perfoliatum Seed GumEffect of Different Drying Methods on Viscosity and Gelation of Lipidium Perfoliatum Seed Gum1591665848810.22059/ijbse.2016.58488FALeilaMomeniM.Sc student Department of Food Science and Technology/ Islamic Azad University of Noor BranchBehzadAlaedinifaculty member Department of the Food Science and Technology / Islamic Azad University of Noor BranchArashKoochekiFaculty Member Department of Food Science and Technology / University of MashhadJournal Article20150518The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of air drying, freeze drying and vacuum drying methods on viscosity and Gelation of Lipidium perfoliatum seed gum. Results showed that the viscosity values of samples varied from 0.31 to 1.26 pa.s at (shear rate = 12.23 s-1) and control sample gum exhibited the highest viscosity. Apparent viscosity was decreased by all of drying methods but vacuum drying had the most negative effect on the viscosity. The differences between hot air and freeze dried gums were not significant. Drying methods have significant effect on hardness and adhesiveness changes of gels made of dried gums. The numerical values of hardness and adhesiveness were respectively, in the range of 0.142 to 0.264 (N) and 0.192 to 0.309 (Ns) for the gels prepared from dried gum in various conditions.The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of air drying, freeze drying and vacuum drying methods on viscosity and Gelation of Lipidium perfoliatum seed gum. Results showed that the viscosity values of samples varied from 0.31 to 1.26 pa.s at (shear rate = 12.23 s-1) and control sample gum exhibited the highest viscosity. Apparent viscosity was decreased by all of drying methods but vacuum drying had the most negative effect on the viscosity. The differences between hot air and freeze dried gums were not significant. Drying methods have significant effect on hardness and adhesiveness changes of gels made of dried gums. The numerical values of hardness and adhesiveness were respectively, in the range of 0.142 to 0.264 (N) and 0.192 to 0.309 (Ns) for the gels prepared from dried gum in various conditions.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58488_c46eb6e650e5feaf617c9bc3c103668e.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420Analysis of greenhouse gas emissions of pasta productionAnalysis of greenhouse gas emissions of pasta production1671745848910.22059/ijbse.2016.58489FAMohammad DavoudHeidariUniversity of TehranHoseinMobliUniversity of Tehran0000-0003-3822-8804MahmoudOmidUniversity of Tehran0000-0003-2616-4903ShahinRafieeUniversity of Tehran0000-0003-2647-3984VahidJamali MarbiniDepartment of Research and Development of Zar Industrial and Research GroupJournal Article20150617The goal of this study was to analysis the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of pasta production. Data for this study was collected from durum wheat farms of three provinces of Iran. Data of soil properties, transportation and pasta factory stages were collected and analyzed, using SimaPro software, Ecoinvent data base and Global Warming Potential (GWP) 100 years method. EPIC model was used to calculate GHG emissions of land use change. Results of this study showed the average greenhouse a gas emission of one kg of pasta was 2.64 kg CO2-eq. Among different sources of emissions, land use change and fuel consumption for agricultural operation were the main contributors to total GWP of pasta production.The goal of this study was to analysis the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of pasta production. Data for this study was collected from durum wheat farms of three provinces of Iran. Data of soil properties, transportation and pasta factory stages were collected and analyzed, using SimaPro software, Ecoinvent data base and Global Warming Potential (GWP) 100 years method. EPIC model was used to calculate GHG emissions of land use change. Results of this study showed the average greenhouse a gas emission of one kg of pasta was 2.64 kg CO2-eq. Among different sources of emissions, land use change and fuel consumption for agricultural operation were the main contributors to total GWP of pasta production.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58489_e35582bc79e77541df61ccc3cfe8fc8b.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420Prediction of Tehran solid waste production by using of neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systemPrediction of Tehran solid waste production by using of neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system1751835849010.22059/ijbse.2016.58490FASajjadNasrollahiRezaAlimardani0000-0002-9756-3373MohammadSharifi0000-0003-4594-4972Mohammad RezaTaghizadeh YazdiJournal Article20150920In this study two intelligent systems, based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) of forecasting municipal solid wastes (MSW) generation has been proposed. ANFIS and ANNs as an intelligent tool compared with together was used to monthly prediction of MSW generated in Tehran. Monthly amount of solid wastes (SW), total monthly precipitation, monthly mean temperature, monthly average humidity and the rank of months per year in the period of 2009 -2014 was used as input data for model learning. The best ANN model had a 5-14-1 structure, it consisted of an input layer with five input variables, one hidden layers with 14 neurons and MSW production as output. The best ANFIS model was designed using one ANFIS architecture with the six-time run out which were developed at three stages. Correlation coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the best ANN model were computed as 0.825, 0.132 and 1.19, respectively. The corresponding R2, RMSE and MAPE values for the best ANFIS topology were 0.963, 0.096 and 1.05 respectively. The results of this study showed that, multi-layer ANFIS model due to employing fuzzy rules, better performance than the ANN model.In this study two intelligent systems, based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) of forecasting municipal solid wastes (MSW) generation has been proposed. ANFIS and ANNs as an intelligent tool compared with together was used to monthly prediction of MSW generated in Tehran. Monthly amount of solid wastes (SW), total monthly precipitation, monthly mean temperature, monthly average humidity and the rank of months per year in the period of 2009 -2014 was used as input data for model learning. The best ANN model had a 5-14-1 structure, it consisted of an input layer with five input variables, one hidden layers with 14 neurons and MSW production as output. The best ANFIS model was designed using one ANFIS architecture with the six-time run out which were developed at three stages. Correlation coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the best ANN model were computed as 0.825, 0.132 and 1.19, respectively. The corresponding R2, RMSE and MAPE values for the best ANFIS topology were 0.963, 0.096 and 1.05 respectively. The results of this study showed that, multi-layer ANFIS model due to employing fuzzy rules, better performance than the ANN model.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58490_c1ccef1deedf2e96c59aa7a9bbf1bb49.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420Estimating Solar Radiation with Ordinary Meteorological Data in MashhadEstimating Solar Radiation with Ordinary Meteorological Data in Mashhad1851965849110.22059/ijbse.2016.58491FAHanifrezaMotamed ShariatiHoseinMobli0000-0003-3822-8804MohammadSharifi0000-0003-4594-4972HojjatAhmadiJournal Article20150907One of the most main head in governments is to achieve the energy for their countries. As the fossil sources are at their ends and also they cause greenhouse emission and environment pollution, shifting to renewable sources of energy is an indispensable alternative for most countries. The sun is the most important renewable energy source. To assessment reachable solar radiation in Mashhad from the ordinary meteorological data via Artificial Neural Network (ANN), a survey has been conducted. Results showed that the ANN with six variable inputs as daily mean temperature, daily relative humidity, daily sunshine duration, daily extraterrestrial radiation, number of day in the year and daily dry temperature, with two hidden layer included 37 and 18 neurons respectively, had a good estimation with a high accuracy for solar radiation. Measured R, MAE, MSE and RMSE were 0.9533, 1.4391, 4.1790 and 2.0443, respectively. Therefore in Mashhad and also the regions with similar climate to Mashhad, that there is no opportunity to submit the solar radiation data, we can use ordinary meteorological data, as mentioned above, to estimate the solar radiation with a high and acceptable accuracy.One of the most main head in governments is to achieve the energy for their countries. As the fossil sources are at their ends and also they cause greenhouse emission and environment pollution, shifting to renewable sources of energy is an indispensable alternative for most countries. The sun is the most important renewable energy source. To assessment reachable solar radiation in Mashhad from the ordinary meteorological data via Artificial Neural Network (ANN), a survey has been conducted. Results showed that the ANN with six variable inputs as daily mean temperature, daily relative humidity, daily sunshine duration, daily extraterrestrial radiation, number of day in the year and daily dry temperature, with two hidden layer included 37 and 18 neurons respectively, had a good estimation with a high accuracy for solar radiation. Measured R, MAE, MSE and RMSE were 0.9533, 1.4391, 4.1790 and 2.0443, respectively. Therefore in Mashhad and also the regions with similar climate to Mashhad, that there is no opportunity to submit the solar radiation data, we can use ordinary meteorological data, as mentioned above, to estimate the solar radiation with a high and acceptable accuracy.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58491_7f74350fdf72467eab97e3fbf19d849c.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347120160420AbstractAbstract1206192810.22059/ijbse.2016.61928FAJournal Article20170614https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_61928_c8bd18ea08d2f47cb0a7992f11ada9de.pdf