University of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822Design, construction and performance simulation of a novel helical manure distributor machineDesign, construction and performance simulation of a novel helical manure distributor machine1972055876910.22059/ijbse.2016.58769FAJalilTaghizadeh TamehAliJafariHosseinMousazadehNazillaTarabiJournal Article20150408Organic manure plays an important role in the improvement of soil structure by decreasing bulk density and increasing porosity. However, the method of manure spreading influences its beneficial impact on soil structure. In this study, a novel helical manure distributor machine capable of spreading manure with different moisture contents at maximum distribution width was developed and the machine performance was also modeled. The machine consisted of two screw conveyors that was located at the bottom of hopper. Manure distribution system included two drums in both sides of hopper. Manure was broadcasted on the field by centrifugal force that was applied by rotational motion of drums. Effect of drums speed and manure particle mass on distribution width were studied. Power requirement of augers were calculated in different rotational speeds of auger and three levels of internal friction of manure. In addition, power requirement of drums were computed in different rotational speed. The distribution width and volume of hopper was 14 m and 6 m3, respectively.The results showed that PTO power requirement increased by increasing rotational speed and internal friction of manure. The maximum PTO power requirement and drawbar power requirement of machine were determined to be 34.2 and 18.45 hp, respectively.Organic manure plays an important role in the improvement of soil structure by decreasing bulk density and increasing porosity. However, the method of manure spreading influences its beneficial impact on soil structure. In this study, a novel helical manure distributor machine capable of spreading manure with different moisture contents at maximum distribution width was developed and the machine performance was also modeled. The machine consisted of two screw conveyors that was located at the bottom of hopper. Manure distribution system included two drums in both sides of hopper. Manure was broadcasted on the field by centrifugal force that was applied by rotational motion of drums. Effect of drums speed and manure particle mass on distribution width were studied. Power requirement of augers were calculated in different rotational speeds of auger and three levels of internal friction of manure. In addition, power requirement of drums were computed in different rotational speed. The distribution width and volume of hopper was 14 m and 6 m3, respectively.The results showed that PTO power requirement increased by increasing rotational speed and internal friction of manure. The maximum PTO power requirement and drawbar power requirement of machine were determined to be 34.2 and 18.45 hp, respectively.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58769_66dff0c12f205dd9e61b5929844c398d.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822GHG emissions footprint from potential feedstock production of biodiesel fuel (Case Study)GHG emissions footprint from potential feedstock production of biodiesel fuel (Case Study)2072135877010.22059/ijbse.2016.58770FAAminNikkhahFerdowsi University of MashhadBagherEmadiFerdowsi university of MashhadMehdiKhojastehpourFerdowsi university of MashhadSeyed HoseinPaymanUniversity of GuilanJournal Article20140721Population growth and increasing industrial and agricultural activities that cause GHG emissions and risk from environmental management is a serious challenge. In this research, the GHG emissions from peanut production as a potential feedstock for biodiesel fuel was investigated. Data were collected through interviews with 75 Peanut farmers. The cultivated areas were divided into three categories based on the size of peanut farms as 0.1–0.5 ha, 0.5-1 ha and larger than 1 ha. The results revealed that total GHG emissions of peanut production was obtained 822.29 kg CO2eq ha-1. The highest share of GHG emissions belonged to diesel fuel (57.90%) followed by machinery (18.6%).The mean difference between total GHG emissions per unit area among farm sizes including 0.1–0.5 ha and larger than 1 ha was significant at 5% level. Larger farms from 1 ha had the minimum amount of GHG emissions. Also, GHG emissions from peanut production as a potential feedstock for on liter biodiesel fuel production were calculated 1.17 kgCO2eqha-1.Population growth and increasing industrial and agricultural activities that cause GHG emissions and risk from environmental management is a serious challenge. In this research, the GHG emissions from peanut production as a potential feedstock for biodiesel fuel was investigated. Data were collected through interviews with 75 Peanut farmers. The cultivated areas were divided into three categories based on the size of peanut farms as 0.1–0.5 ha, 0.5-1 ha and larger than 1 ha. The results revealed that total GHG emissions of peanut production was obtained 822.29 kg CO2eq ha-1. The highest share of GHG emissions belonged to diesel fuel (57.90%) followed by machinery (18.6%).The mean difference between total GHG emissions per unit area among farm sizes including 0.1–0.5 ha and larger than 1 ha was significant at 5% level. Larger farms from 1 ha had the minimum amount of GHG emissions. Also, GHG emissions from peanut production as a potential feedstock for on liter biodiesel fuel production were calculated 1.17 kgCO2eqha-1.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58770_8eddd86fa0e2dfc776afaa075eb908bf.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822Feasibility of crop density estimation system by optical methodFeasibility of crop density estimation system by optical method2152205877110.22059/ijbse.2016.58771FAMohammadAynezad KaveriMohammad HoseinAghkhaniMohammad HosseinAbbaspour-fard0000-0002-5575-5115Journal Article20140615In this study, the possibility of estimating wheat density was investigated by using a non-destructive method of output voltage of the light received by the photovoltaic cells. For the static tests, treatments and procedures, a system was designed and built. An experiment with different density on the wheat crop was carried out. The components of optical system clouding: photocells, LED lights and plates. To evaluate the effects of variables, randomized block design with factorial treatment arrangement was used. For optical method independent variables included number of stem per unit area (300, 350 and 400), plates distance (12, 21 and 30 cm), light intensity of LED lamps (274 Lux and 21.2 Lux) and testing time (afternoon and night). All experiments were performed in triplicate. The result showed that, testing time and light intensity had greater effect on the voltage value, so that the use of lamp with 274Lux and 30cm distance from photocell and testing time in afternoon had highest voltage. These results can be used to build a system on the harvest machine.In this study, the possibility of estimating wheat density was investigated by using a non-destructive method of output voltage of the light received by the photovoltaic cells. For the static tests, treatments and procedures, a system was designed and built. An experiment with different density on the wheat crop was carried out. The components of optical system clouding: photocells, LED lights and plates. To evaluate the effects of variables, randomized block design with factorial treatment arrangement was used. For optical method independent variables included number of stem per unit area (300, 350 and 400), plates distance (12, 21 and 30 cm), light intensity of LED lamps (274 Lux and 21.2 Lux) and testing time (afternoon and night). All experiments were performed in triplicate. The result showed that, testing time and light intensity had greater effect on the voltage value, so that the use of lamp with 274Lux and 30cm distance from photocell and testing time in afternoon had highest voltage. These results can be used to build a system on the harvest machine.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58771_53f3d6e9d3f8049655b7381f50b8e699.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822Design, Development and evaluation of Electronic
control valve for hydraulic pump of MF 285 TractorDesign, Development and evaluation of Electronic
control valve for hydraulic pump of MF 285 Tractor2292215877210.22059/ijbse.2016.58772FANoroozMoradasgharlooDepartment of Agricultural Machinery, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.Journal Article20150415The depth control systems used in Iranian tractors are mechanical and they produce variable tillage depth in uneven field surface. In this research a rotary type electronic control valve was designed and constructed. By using this valve, electro-hydraulic tillage depth control system was developed and installed on the tractor. The control system was composed of: a depth sensor, a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), a stepper motor with deriver, a control valve and a Programmable Terminal (control panel). In this system, the tillage depth was measured by utilizing a depth sensor and the control valve which is controlled by the stepper motor was used to 3-point linkage control. The laboratory results showed that the depth variations were controlled well by the developed system within ±2 cm in the steady state. Also the field data indicated that the mean tillage depth of electro-hydraulic depth control system was greater than that of the mechanical depth control system with significance difference.The depth control systems used in Iranian tractors are mechanical and they produce variable tillage depth in uneven field surface. In this research a rotary type electronic control valve was designed and constructed. By using this valve, electro-hydraulic tillage depth control system was developed and installed on the tractor. The control system was composed of: a depth sensor, a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), a stepper motor with deriver, a control valve and a Programmable Terminal (control panel). In this system, the tillage depth was measured by utilizing a depth sensor and the control valve which is controlled by the stepper motor was used to 3-point linkage control. The laboratory results showed that the depth variations were controlled well by the developed system within ±2 cm in the steady state. Also the field data indicated that the mean tillage depth of electro-hydraulic depth control system was greater than that of the mechanical depth control system with significance difference.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58772_c1d46c2baba1364893027bba1494f564.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822Effect of acid extraction conditions on yield and quality characteristics of pectin from sour orange peelEffect of acid extraction conditions on yield and quality characteristics of pectin from sour orange peel2312425877310.22059/ijbse.2016.58773FASeyed SaeidHosseiniFaramarzKhodaeianMohammad SaeidYarmandJournal Article20150513Sour orange is one of native fruits of Iran, which are widely used in the food industry, medicine and cosmetics. Sour orange peel is rich source of pectin and generally discarded as waste. In this research, response surface methodology (RSM) with Box–Behnken design was employed to optimize and to study the effects of the independent variables (temperature, time and pH) on the yield of pectin and degree of esterification of pectin extracted. percent of galacturonic acid, emulsifying properties, the viscosity and FT-IR spectra of the pectin from optimal conditions. The results showed, extraction efficiency and the degree of esterification of pectin extracted from various conditions are variable at range 5-27.5 and 6.6-46.5, respectively. The highest yield of pectin (28.78) was obtained in temperature of 95◦C, time of 90 min and pH of 1.5. Pectin extracted in optimal conditions was with degree of esterification of 24.6%, yield of galacturonic acid of 75.5%, the emulsifying activity of 45.6% and suitable emulsion stability and also the flow behavior is Newtonian in low concentrations (≤ 1 %w/v), but behavior is changed with increasing concentration of Newtonian to pseudoplastic.Sour orange is one of native fruits of Iran, which are widely used in the food industry, medicine and cosmetics. Sour orange peel is rich source of pectin and generally discarded as waste. In this research, response surface methodology (RSM) with Box–Behnken design was employed to optimize and to study the effects of the independent variables (temperature, time and pH) on the yield of pectin and degree of esterification of pectin extracted. percent of galacturonic acid, emulsifying properties, the viscosity and FT-IR spectra of the pectin from optimal conditions. The results showed, extraction efficiency and the degree of esterification of pectin extracted from various conditions are variable at range 5-27.5 and 6.6-46.5, respectively. The highest yield of pectin (28.78) was obtained in temperature of 95◦C, time of 90 min and pH of 1.5. Pectin extracted in optimal conditions was with degree of esterification of 24.6%, yield of galacturonic acid of 75.5%, the emulsifying activity of 45.6% and suitable emulsion stability and also the flow behavior is Newtonian in low concentrations (≤ 1 %w/v), but behavior is changed with increasing concentration of Newtonian to pseudoplastic.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58773_182e0ece1561d4f69ac1f96667348145.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822Neuro-fuzzy and response surface modeling of osmotic dehydration of pomegranate arilsNeuro-fuzzy and response surface modeling of osmotic dehydration of pomegranate arils2432555877410.22059/ijbse.2016.58774FAMohammadGanjehSeyed MahdiJafariSajjadGhaderiJournal Article20131118In this research, pomegranate arils are dehydrated by osmotic dehydration in 40, 50, and 60 % sucrose solutions and at 45, 55 and 65 degrees C and Weight Reduction, Solids grain and Water Loss of the products were measured at 60, 120 and 180 minutes of process. Osmotic dehydration processes was modeled by combination of neural network and fuzzy logic techniques (Neuro-fuzzy) and response surface methodology. For modeling, interpolation and increase of the data’s, fuzzy logic was used. By entering the obtained results from fuzzy model into the neural network tool, the Feed-Forward-Back-Propagation network with the topology of 3-8-3 and the correlation coefficient of 0.98344 and mean square error of 0.02278 with application of Log-sigmoid transfer function (logsig) and Levenberg–Marquardt learning algorithm was determined as the best neural model. Regression models created by response surface methodology by correlation coefficient of 0.90 were also capable for prediction of response factors but in comparison with Neuro-fuzzy models have a lower accuracy.In this research, pomegranate arils are dehydrated by osmotic dehydration in 40, 50, and 60 % sucrose solutions and at 45, 55 and 65 degrees C and Weight Reduction, Solids grain and Water Loss of the products were measured at 60, 120 and 180 minutes of process. Osmotic dehydration processes was modeled by combination of neural network and fuzzy logic techniques (Neuro-fuzzy) and response surface methodology. For modeling, interpolation and increase of the data’s, fuzzy logic was used. By entering the obtained results from fuzzy model into the neural network tool, the Feed-Forward-Back-Propagation network with the topology of 3-8-3 and the correlation coefficient of 0.98344 and mean square error of 0.02278 with application of Log-sigmoid transfer function (logsig) and Levenberg–Marquardt learning algorithm was determined as the best neural model. Regression models created by response surface methodology by correlation coefficient of 0.90 were also capable for prediction of response factors but in comparison with Neuro-fuzzy models have a lower accuracy.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58774_625503d7532c82f6c343288099463eff.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822Development and laboratory evaluation of a mixed planting machine for corn and beanDevelopment and laboratory evaluation of a mixed planting machine for corn and bean2572675877510.22059/ijbse.2016.58775FAALIREZAMANDANIS. HoseinKarparvarfard0000-0001-9060-0867Journal Article20140622The main problems in mixed culture are using the agricultural machines for plant two or more crop simultaneously. In the present study to remove difficulties of using agriculture machinery In planting operation for corn and bean Simultaneously, a planter was designed and developed to direct planting of two different types of seeds having different shapes and sizes with precise proportion and different planting patterns using correct principles of mixed culture. For evaluation of mixed planting machine, the tests were done in a completely randomized design with 5 different distances between seeds (5.5, 8.5, 11, 13 and 16 cm) for corn planting unit and 5 different distances between seeds (10, 12, 15, 18.5, and 21.5 cm) for bean planting unit at the constant speed of 4 Km/hr with three replications. Results of corn and bean planting unit in laboratory evaluation showed that, in line with increasing the distance between seeds on the planting lines multiple, miss and precision indexes were decreased, while quality of feed index was increased.The main problems in mixed culture are using the agricultural machines for plant two or more crop simultaneously. In the present study to remove difficulties of using agriculture machinery In planting operation for corn and bean Simultaneously, a planter was designed and developed to direct planting of two different types of seeds having different shapes and sizes with precise proportion and different planting patterns using correct principles of mixed culture. For evaluation of mixed planting machine, the tests were done in a completely randomized design with 5 different distances between seeds (5.5, 8.5, 11, 13 and 16 cm) for corn planting unit and 5 different distances between seeds (10, 12, 15, 18.5, and 21.5 cm) for bean planting unit at the constant speed of 4 Km/hr with three replications. Results of corn and bean planting unit in laboratory evaluation showed that, in line with increasing the distance between seeds on the planting lines multiple, miss and precision indexes were decreased, while quality of feed index was increased.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58775_a63c273b900306cc9bcd66da35367729.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822Rough rice stress fissuring with respect to conditions of drying and tempering processesRough rice stress fissuring with respect to conditions of drying and tempering processes2782695877610.22059/ijbse.2016.58776FAMortezaSadeghiAliGhasemiSeyed AhmadMireeiJournal Article20140228In this study the efficacy of intermittent and continuous drying processes on fissuring of Hashemi and Koohsar varieties was investigated. The fissuring of the kernels was assessed based on stress cracking index (SCI). The experiments were carried out at drying and tempering temperatures of 30, 45 and 60 °C, drying durations of 20, 40 and 60 min, and constant tempering duration of 80 min. In comparison with continuous drying method, under intermittent drying method, SCI value reduced significantly from 43.5 to 17, 74.5 to 28.3, and 83 to 58.4, respectively at temperatures of 30, 45 and 60 °C. Also, the value of SCI measured 48 h after finishing the drying process compared with its corresponding value measured immediately after drying operation increased significantly from 28.72 to 46.73. Both the total operation time (sum of all passes durations) and SCI decreased as tempering temperature increased due to the faster elimination of moisture gradients inside the kernels. Therefore, by appropriate tempering operation, besides maintaining the quality of the final product the total operation time could be reduced.In this study the efficacy of intermittent and continuous drying processes on fissuring of Hashemi and Koohsar varieties was investigated. The fissuring of the kernels was assessed based on stress cracking index (SCI). The experiments were carried out at drying and tempering temperatures of 30, 45 and 60 °C, drying durations of 20, 40 and 60 min, and constant tempering duration of 80 min. In comparison with continuous drying method, under intermittent drying method, SCI value reduced significantly from 43.5 to 17, 74.5 to 28.3, and 83 to 58.4, respectively at temperatures of 30, 45 and 60 °C. Also, the value of SCI measured 48 h after finishing the drying process compared with its corresponding value measured immediately after drying operation increased significantly from 28.72 to 46.73. Both the total operation time (sum of all passes durations) and SCI decreased as tempering temperature increased due to the faster elimination of moisture gradients inside the kernels. Therefore, by appropriate tempering operation, besides maintaining the quality of the final product the total operation time could be reduced.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58776_f57729fc7801d7edb025dca2093309a3.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822A Study of Drying Rate of Sliced Potatoes during Radiation-Vacuum Drying Process using Regression and Artificial Neural Network ModelsA Study of Drying Rate of Sliced Potatoes during Radiation-Vacuum Drying Process using Regression and Artificial Neural Network Models2792895877710.22059/ijbse.2016.58777FANegarHafeziMohammad JavadSheikhe DavoodiSeyed MajidSajjadiehJournal Article20150429In this study, a single layer sliced potato was dried using an infrared lamp heating under vacuum over three levels of radiant power including 100, 150 and 200 W, three slices thickness 1, 2 and 3 mm and the absolute pressure of 20, 80, 140 and 760 mmHg. Samples were dried in triplicate to achieve 6% moisture content (wet based) which is suitable for long-term storage. Drying rate was monitored during experiments. The shrinkage of sliced potato was measured using image processing. The results showed that increasing infrared radiation and reducing absolute pressure at the same slice thickness, could cause drying time to be reduced but shrinkage increased. Thickness of the slices and infrared radiation power had a significant impact (P<0.01) on shrinkage. Results also showed that the neural network model (R2=0.9732) predicted drying time better than linear (R2=0.819) and nonlinear (R2=0.870) Regression Model.In this study, a single layer sliced potato was dried using an infrared lamp heating under vacuum over three levels of radiant power including 100, 150 and 200 W, three slices thickness 1, 2 and 3 mm and the absolute pressure of 20, 80, 140 and 760 mmHg. Samples were dried in triplicate to achieve 6% moisture content (wet based) which is suitable for long-term storage. Drying rate was monitored during experiments. The shrinkage of sliced potato was measured using image processing. The results showed that increasing infrared radiation and reducing absolute pressure at the same slice thickness, could cause drying time to be reduced but shrinkage increased. Thickness of the slices and infrared radiation power had a significant impact (P<0.01) on shrinkage. Results also showed that the neural network model (R2=0.9732) predicted drying time better than linear (R2=0.819) and nonlinear (R2=0.870) Regression Model.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58777_a82eed5025bda5707c4b21bbd0be5037.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822Development, Laboratory and Field Testings of a Bolling Probe for Measuring Stress in SoilDevelopment, Laboratory and Field Testings of a Bolling Probe for Measuring Stress in Soil2913005877810.22059/ijbse.2016.58778FAMojtabaNaderi BeldajiAliKazemzadehAbbasHemmatSajjadRostamiJournal Article20151103In this study, a cylindrical Bolling probe was developed and evaluated for measuring stress in soil under tire traffic. The probe consists of a silicon rubber head for sensing the soil stress, a PVC tube for transferring the liquid pressure, a digital pressure sensor and a syringe for filling the probe with water and adjusting the initial inclusion pressure. A tank with pressurized air was used for laboratory testing of the probe. The probe head was put into the tank and with sealing the slits, the probe was tested at four initial inclusion pressures of 25, 50, 75 and 100 kPa. The relationship between Bolling and air pressures was investigated. The results showed perfectly linear relationships between the air and Bolling pressures at different initial inclusion pressures. The difference between the Bolling pressure and initial inclusion pressure versus air pressure slightly (<5%) deviated from 1:1 line. Field testing of three Bolling probes at 15, 30 and 45 cm depth in wheeling experiments with tractor and combine harvester showed a satisfactory measurement of stress variations with depth.In this study, a cylindrical Bolling probe was developed and evaluated for measuring stress in soil under tire traffic. The probe consists of a silicon rubber head for sensing the soil stress, a PVC tube for transferring the liquid pressure, a digital pressure sensor and a syringe for filling the probe with water and adjusting the initial inclusion pressure. A tank with pressurized air was used for laboratory testing of the probe. The probe head was put into the tank and with sealing the slits, the probe was tested at four initial inclusion pressures of 25, 50, 75 and 100 kPa. The relationship between Bolling and air pressures was investigated. The results showed perfectly linear relationships between the air and Bolling pressures at different initial inclusion pressures. The difference between the Bolling pressure and initial inclusion pressure versus air pressure slightly (<5%) deviated from 1:1 line. Field testing of three Bolling probes at 15, 30 and 45 cm depth in wheeling experiments with tractor and combine harvester showed a satisfactory measurement of stress variations with depth.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58778_be8dde65a30272a403876d8e0bc6c3aa.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822Effects of hot air drying method on hypericin extracted content of Hypericum perforatum L. leaves.Effects of hot air drying method on hypericin extracted content of Hypericum perforatum L. leaves.3013065877910.22059/ijbse.2016.58779FAHoseinAhmadi ChnarbenSeyede MasoumehHashemi NiaJournal Article20150811Drying is considered as one of the important stages after plant harvesting which plays an important role in maintaining the quantity and quality of their active ingredients. St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) is an important medicinal plant that high percentages of hypericin in its leaves and flowers are considered as the most important feature of the Iranian species. In this research, effect of three treatments including the temperature at three levels of 40, 50 and 60°C, the air velocity at two levels of 0.3 and 1 m/s and the bed depth at two levels of 1 and 2cm were investigated in terms of the effect on extraction of hypericin. Considering the results the highest amount of hypericin was obtained during the drying process at 40°C and in a hot air velocity of 1 m/s and in the bed depth of 1cm and with the amount of 865.41 μg/g dry weight and the lowest was obtained during the drying process at 60°C and the hot air velocity of 0.3 m/s and in the bed depth of 2 cm and with the amount of 587.31 μg/g dry weight.Drying is considered as one of the important stages after plant harvesting which plays an important role in maintaining the quantity and quality of their active ingredients. St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) is an important medicinal plant that high percentages of hypericin in its leaves and flowers are considered as the most important feature of the Iranian species. In this research, effect of three treatments including the temperature at three levels of 40, 50 and 60°C, the air velocity at two levels of 0.3 and 1 m/s and the bed depth at two levels of 1 and 2cm were investigated in terms of the effect on extraction of hypericin. Considering the results the highest amount of hypericin was obtained during the drying process at 40°C and in a hot air velocity of 1 m/s and in the bed depth of 1cm and with the amount of 865.41 μg/g dry weight and the lowest was obtained during the drying process at 60°C and the hot air velocity of 0.3 m/s and in the bed depth of 2 cm and with the amount of 587.31 μg/g dry weight.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58779_503decfee86d13987805d37b881ac6bd.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822Diagnosis of patients ducks based on their voices and using artificial intelligence methodsDiagnosis of patients ducks based on their voices and using artificial intelligence methods3073185878010.22059/ijbse.2016.58780FAAhmadBanakarMeghdadKhazaeiJournal Article20140108In this paper, a smart method is designed in order to classify healthy and illness ducks using their emission voice. For this purpose, firstly, the birds based on their healthy condition are divided into the different categories and then their voices are saved using a microphone and data acquisition card. Gained signals were transformed from time-domain signal to frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Then, 5 statistical features are extracted from both time and frequency signals namely, mean, standard division, root mean square, variance and kurtosis. Two classifiers which are artificial neuralnetworks (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) are used, in order to acquire the bird classification in healthy and sick accuracy. The accuracy of ANN classifier in detection of healthy birds within sick and weak birds was determined 75% and 82.1 % based on the time and frequency domain of the sound signals, respectively. The accuracy of SVM classifier in detection of healthy birds within sick and weak birds was determined 85.7 % and 92.8 % based on the time and frequency domain of the sound signals, respectively.In this paper, a smart method is designed in order to classify healthy and illness ducks using their emission voice. For this purpose, firstly, the birds based on their healthy condition are divided into the different categories and then their voices are saved using a microphone and data acquisition card. Gained signals were transformed from time-domain signal to frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Then, 5 statistical features are extracted from both time and frequency signals namely, mean, standard division, root mean square, variance and kurtosis. Two classifiers which are artificial neuralnetworks (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) are used, in order to acquire the bird classification in healthy and sick accuracy. The accuracy of ANN classifier in detection of healthy birds within sick and weak birds was determined 75% and 82.1 % based on the time and frequency domain of the sound signals, respectively. The accuracy of SVM classifier in detection of healthy birds within sick and weak birds was determined 85.7 % and 92.8 % based on the time and frequency domain of the sound signals, respectively.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58780_4c153efae463c5c24c3672219410814e.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822Comparison of MLP and RBF neural networks performance for estimation of broiler output energyComparison of MLP and RBF neural networks performance for estimation of broiler output energy3193285878110.22059/ijbse.2016.58781FASamaAmidTarahomMesri GundoshmianUniversity of Mohaghegh Ardabili0000-0000-0000-0001GholamhosseinShahgoliUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal Article20150908Energy management is one of the main ways of the efficient use of energy resources. The prediction of crop yields based on energy inputs can help farmers and policymakers to estimate the level of production. Required data for study were randomly collected from 70 broiler farms in North West of Iran. The input energies were included human labour, machinery, fuel, feed and electricity and the output produced energies were considered as output variables. The multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and the radial basis function (RBF) neural networks were applied for prediction of output energies of broiler production. According to the comparison results obtained from the indices of the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE) performance of the ANN-RBF model better than ANN-MLP model was estimated. In evaluating the effects of inputs on outputs of production, the production of fossil fuel showed the highest sensitivity among the production inputs in both models.Energy management is one of the main ways of the efficient use of energy resources. The prediction of crop yields based on energy inputs can help farmers and policymakers to estimate the level of production. Required data for study were randomly collected from 70 broiler farms in North West of Iran. The input energies were included human labour, machinery, fuel, feed and electricity and the output produced energies were considered as output variables. The multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and the radial basis function (RBF) neural networks were applied for prediction of output energies of broiler production. According to the comparison results obtained from the indices of the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE) performance of the ANN-RBF model better than ANN-MLP model was estimated. In evaluating the effects of inputs on outputs of production, the production of fossil fuel showed the highest sensitivity among the production inputs in both models.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58781_074b88377b539a26b890434515892322.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822Analyzing the MF285 tractor engine vibrations caused by different combinations of biodiesel, bioethanol and diesel as fuel by Response Surface MethodAnalyzing the MF285 tractor engine vibrations caused by different combinations of biodiesel, bioethanol and diesel as fuel by Response Surface Method3293355878210.22059/ijbse.2016.58782FAHosseinJavadikiaLeilaNaderlooRazi university of kermanshahAliSafrangianMostafaMostafaeiSeyed SaeidMohtasebi0000-0002-4031-1095Journal Article20151031In this study, the MF285 tractor engine vibrations resulting from the use of different combinations of biodiesel, bioethanol and diesel as fuel were studied. Engine vibrations in three directions and three engine speeds: 1000, 1600 rpm 2000 and ten fuel level was measured. To investigate the influence of measured parameters on engine vibration of factorial design in a randomized complete block design and response surface methodology were used. The results showed that vibration caused by the use of different combinations was less than of vibration caused by consumption of diesel fuel. The results showed that with increasing biodiesel fuel blends significantly reduce the vibration and the vibration increases with increasing engine speed. The vibration increased by increasing the bioethanol until 4% but then decreased. After optimization, the best fuel in terms of having the lowest vibration motor was B25E6D69.In this study, the MF285 tractor engine vibrations resulting from the use of different combinations of biodiesel, bioethanol and diesel as fuel were studied. Engine vibrations in three directions and three engine speeds: 1000, 1600 rpm 2000 and ten fuel level was measured. To investigate the influence of measured parameters on engine vibration of factorial design in a randomized complete block design and response surface methodology were used. The results showed that vibration caused by the use of different combinations was less than of vibration caused by consumption of diesel fuel. The results showed that with increasing biodiesel fuel blends significantly reduce the vibration and the vibration increases with increasing engine speed. The vibration increased by increasing the bioethanol until 4% but then decreased. After optimization, the best fuel in terms of having the lowest vibration motor was B25E6D69.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58782_de5afb81fe4f91ac193c29057570e3be.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822Measurement Requirement Force to Separate the Grain Paddy for Head Design of Rice Harvesting.Measurement Requirement Force to Separate the Grain Paddy for Head Design of Rice Harvesting.3373435878310.22059/ijbse.2016.58783FAHadiAzimi NejadianstudentTeymoorTavakoli HashjinBaratGhobadiantarbiat modares universitySalarHosseinistudentJournal Article20150302ABSTRACT<br />In this study, the tensile force requirement, to separate the grain paddy was measured. The velocities of grain paddy it 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mm/min, and force requirement to failure stem at 100, 300, and 500 mm/min velocities was measured by using instron device. The data was analyzed using a completely randomized design. The results showed that velocity had a significant effect on the requirement force to separate the paddy grain and failure stem. With an increase in tensile velocity from 100 to 500 mm/min, the requirement force to separate the paddy grain decreased from 4.77 to 1.09 N and the requirement force to failure stem decreased from 33.43 to 8.41N. Also, the normal stress acting to stem due requirement force to separate the grain was calculated. And the ultimate stress (Rupture stress) of stem due the requirement force to failure the stem was calculated.ABSTRACT<br />In this study, the tensile force requirement, to separate the grain paddy was measured. The velocities of grain paddy it 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mm/min, and force requirement to failure stem at 100, 300, and 500 mm/min velocities was measured by using instron device. The data was analyzed using a completely randomized design. The results showed that velocity had a significant effect on the requirement force to separate the paddy grain and failure stem. With an increase in tensile velocity from 100 to 500 mm/min, the requirement force to separate the paddy grain decreased from 4.77 to 1.09 N and the requirement force to failure stem decreased from 33.43 to 8.41N. Also, the normal stress acting to stem due requirement force to separate the grain was calculated. And the ultimate stress (Rupture stress) of stem due the requirement force to failure the stem was calculated.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58783_1703d5717cd94fc609a2e65e7e7b7ab4.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822Investigation of vibration transmissibility from chainsaw handle to wrist and arm of operatorInvestigation of vibration transmissibility from chainsaw handle to wrist and arm of operator3453515878410.22059/ijbse.2016.58784FAMasoudFeyziAliJafariHojjatAhmadiJournal Article20150816Hand-arm vibration can cause vascular, neurological and musculoskeletal disorders, collectively named as hand-arm vibration syndrome. The chainsaw is a portable machine that exposes own operators to high levels of hand-arm vibrations. This research focuses on vibration transmissibility from chainsaw handle to wrist and arm of operator. The vibration acceleration signals necessary for evaluation were obtained in an experiment using a Stihl-MS230 chainsaw in three positions (the front handle of chain saw, the wrist and arm of operator), in lateral, longitudinal, and vertical directions. Tests were performed at three levels of engine speed (2800, 10000, and 13300 RPM). The results indicated that the effects of speed, axis, and the interaction between them on the RMS were significant at 1% level. The vibrations were damped during transfer process from handle to hand and arm by organs of operator body. Vibrations in high speeds were damped better than those for low speeds. The maximum value of vibration transmissibility from handle to wrist occurred in engine speed of 2800 RPM.Hand-arm vibration can cause vascular, neurological and musculoskeletal disorders, collectively named as hand-arm vibration syndrome. The chainsaw is a portable machine that exposes own operators to high levels of hand-arm vibrations. This research focuses on vibration transmissibility from chainsaw handle to wrist and arm of operator. The vibration acceleration signals necessary for evaluation were obtained in an experiment using a Stihl-MS230 chainsaw in three positions (the front handle of chain saw, the wrist and arm of operator), in lateral, longitudinal, and vertical directions. Tests were performed at three levels of engine speed (2800, 10000, and 13300 RPM). The results indicated that the effects of speed, axis, and the interaction between them on the RMS were significant at 1% level. The vibrations were damped during transfer process from handle to hand and arm by organs of operator body. Vibrations in high speeds were damped better than those for low speeds. The maximum value of vibration transmissibility from handle to wrist occurred in engine speed of 2800 RPM.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58784_7c8ec31ebad1ac12a8d0d7600f4e9ace.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822Decreasing Environmental Burden by improving efficiency of sugar beet production using data envelopment analysis approachDecreasing Environmental Burden by improving efficiency of sugar beet production using data envelopment analysis approach3533615878510.22059/ijbse.2016.58785FAMajidNamdariShahinRafieeSoleimanHosseinpourJournal Article20151226Environmental impact assessment is an important approach to achieve sustainable development. This study has investigated the environmental impact of sugar beet production. In addition data envelopment analysis was applied for detecting efficient units and decrease environmental impacts. In this study final environmental index of impact category consist of global warming, acidification, eutrophication, depletion of fossil resources and water resources were 0.138, 2.359, 2.055, 0.191 and 2.970, respectively. Based on these results, depletion of water resources had the greatest environmental impact. Global warming among other groups had minimal environmental impact. Data envelopment analysis can decrease burden of these impacts by converting present farms to target units. Results demonstrated CCR model decrease impact categories more than BCC model.Environmental impact assessment is an important approach to achieve sustainable development. This study has investigated the environmental impact of sugar beet production. In addition data envelopment analysis was applied for detecting efficient units and decrease environmental impacts. In this study final environmental index of impact category consist of global warming, acidification, eutrophication, depletion of fossil resources and water resources were 0.138, 2.359, 2.055, 0.191 and 2.970, respectively. Based on these results, depletion of water resources had the greatest environmental impact. Global warming among other groups had minimal environmental impact. Data envelopment analysis can decrease burden of these impacts by converting present farms to target units. Results demonstrated CCR model decrease impact categories more than BCC model.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58785_59f16e806e803ba1830b225c500bb8ef.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822Investigation of vacuum planter performance based on video processing and Kalman filterInvestigation of vacuum planter performance based on video processing and Kalman filter3633735878610.22059/ijbse.2016.58786FAJournal Article20150602The most widely used machine for precision sowing of cucumber and sorghum seeds is vacuum type. The performance and distribution accuracy of the vacuum type metering unit is of great importance. Therefore, the experiments at three pressures of 25, 35, 45 mbar and two level of forward speed 3 to 4.5 km/h and 6 to 8.5 km/h were conducted and multiple planting, feeding quality and miss planting were measured. In the meantime, a motion model is constructed using Kalman filter to track and draw seed trajectories. Based on the analysis of seeds falling trajectories, it was found that the there was a close relation between of seeds falling trajectories and seeding uniformity. The optimum levels of vacuum pressure and forward speed for precision seeding were found to be 35 mbar, 3 to 4.5 km/h, and 35 mbar, 3 to 4.5 km/h for cucumber and sorghum seeds, respectively. Finally, it was perceived that with increasing forward speed at inappropriate vacuum pressure, percentage of deviated seeds from straight movement was increased, which it decreased seed distribution uniformity.The most widely used machine for precision sowing of cucumber and sorghum seeds is vacuum type. The performance and distribution accuracy of the vacuum type metering unit is of great importance. Therefore, the experiments at three pressures of 25, 35, 45 mbar and two level of forward speed 3 to 4.5 km/h and 6 to 8.5 km/h were conducted and multiple planting, feeding quality and miss planting were measured. In the meantime, a motion model is constructed using Kalman filter to track and draw seed trajectories. Based on the analysis of seeds falling trajectories, it was found that the there was a close relation between of seeds falling trajectories and seeding uniformity. The optimum levels of vacuum pressure and forward speed for precision seeding were found to be 35 mbar, 3 to 4.5 km/h, and 35 mbar, 3 to 4.5 km/h for cucumber and sorghum seeds, respectively. Finally, it was perceived that with increasing forward speed at inappropriate vacuum pressure, percentage of deviated seeds from straight movement was increased, which it decreased seed distribution uniformity.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58786_79124d4444ede10af28eb64dc1913217.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822Design, construction and evaluation of sizing machine for hazelnutsDesign, construction and evaluation of sizing machine for hazelnuts3753815878710.22059/ijbse.2016.58787FAAliMashallah KermaniShahriarKooravandJournal Article20150730Regarding the importance sizing and grading crop in the market and other processing operations, in this study, a machine for hazelnut sizing designed, constructed and evaluated. The machine based on sizing mechanism of diverged belt. The sizing unit has a structure similar to a horizontal belt conveyor. The distance between the ropes at the entrance of the product (the end of the driven roller) is small and gradually to the other end (drive roller) becomes larger. Hazelnuts are continuously are fed into the sizing unit through the feeding unit that consist a hopper and inclined conveyor. Hazelnuts along the sizing path based on the size discharged on the tray with the output of the drain. In this plan, hazelnut be sizing the based on the smallest diameter in three sizes small (less than 14 mm), medium (greater than 14 mm and less than 16 mm) and large (greater than 16 mm). The evaluation results showed that the linear velocity and the class size had significant effect on the performance of this machine. The best linear rope speed 0.8 m/s was determined. Sizing machine efficiency for medium-sized nuts is highest at about 92%. The overall efficiency of 84% was estimated.Regarding the importance sizing and grading crop in the market and other processing operations, in this study, a machine for hazelnut sizing designed, constructed and evaluated. The machine based on sizing mechanism of diverged belt. The sizing unit has a structure similar to a horizontal belt conveyor. The distance between the ropes at the entrance of the product (the end of the driven roller) is small and gradually to the other end (drive roller) becomes larger. Hazelnuts are continuously are fed into the sizing unit through the feeding unit that consist a hopper and inclined conveyor. Hazelnuts along the sizing path based on the size discharged on the tray with the output of the drain. In this plan, hazelnut be sizing the based on the smallest diameter in three sizes small (less than 14 mm), medium (greater than 14 mm and less than 16 mm) and large (greater than 16 mm). The evaluation results showed that the linear velocity and the class size had significant effect on the performance of this machine. The best linear rope speed 0.8 m/s was determined. Sizing machine efficiency for medium-sized nuts is highest at about 92%. The overall efficiency of 84% was estimated.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58787_427dad84be5f38c5b483c0211b919028.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822Development and evaluation of tribo- aero- electrostatic for impurity separation from plant seeds (flixweed)Development and evaluation of tribo- aero- electrostatic for impurity separation from plant seeds (flixweed)3833925878810.22059/ijbse.2016.58788FAMojtabaAfsharipourKazemJafarinaeimiAlirezaGanjoviJournal Article20150313Seed purification is one of the important agricultural processes to obtain high quality seeds. Using modern technologies help producers to do this process with higher precision and accuracy. In order to separate seed impurities, a separation machine called Tribo-aero-electrostatic separator was designed. The machine was evaluated by separating impurities of Flixweed (Descuriania Sophia). Primary laboratory tests showed its high efficiency. Initial materials were separated in tribo-charge part by gravity and electrostatic force produced by high DC voltage. To evaluate the system performance statistically, the effects of voltage, distance between the tribo-charge electrodes and electrode angle of separation unit were investigated with three replications on the weight of separation boxes. This experiment was performed as a CRD- based factorial design and the data were analyzed using SAS software. The results indicated that the effects of all factors on the weight of purified seed and impurities in collecting boxes were significant at 1% confidence level. In addition, interactions of almost all factors in collecting boxes were significant at 1% level. By increasing applied voltage and electrode angle, and decreasing the electrode distance, best seed purity with the highest weight was obtained in the pure seed box.Seed purification is one of the important agricultural processes to obtain high quality seeds. Using modern technologies help producers to do this process with higher precision and accuracy. In order to separate seed impurities, a separation machine called Tribo-aero-electrostatic separator was designed. The machine was evaluated by separating impurities of Flixweed (Descuriania Sophia). Primary laboratory tests showed its high efficiency. Initial materials were separated in tribo-charge part by gravity and electrostatic force produced by high DC voltage. To evaluate the system performance statistically, the effects of voltage, distance between the tribo-charge electrodes and electrode angle of separation unit were investigated with three replications on the weight of separation boxes. This experiment was performed as a CRD- based factorial design and the data were analyzed using SAS software. The results indicated that the effects of all factors on the weight of purified seed and impurities in collecting boxes were significant at 1% confidence level. In addition, interactions of almost all factors in collecting boxes were significant at 1% level. By increasing applied voltage and electrode angle, and decreasing the electrode distance, best seed purity with the highest weight was obtained in the pure seed box.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_58788_a517abd1aebfc9b9e505248649e40108.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering2008-480347220160822AbstractAbstract1206192910.22059/ijbse.2016.61929FAJournal Article20170614https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_61929_539e958cbac9c6a0d85b1e42dec17e22.pdf