دانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering2008-480349420190220Effect of Pre Drying on Some Quality Characteristics of Bamiye ConfectioneryEffect of Pre Drying on Some Quality Characteristics of Bamiye Confectionery5255327000310.22059/ijbse.2018.134668.664670FAKhatereDanandehMSc Graguated Student, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranSodiefAzadmard DamirchiAssistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranSeyed HadiPeighambardoostAssistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-8438-7315NaserHamdamiAssistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-8491-857XJournal Article20151111Bamiye is kind of sweet that frying is one of the stages of making it. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre drying on some quality features of Bamiye. Samples put in oven at 105 ° C for zero (control), 2.5, 5 and 7.5 minutes for drying, then they fried on frying oil at 160 ° C and were measured qualitative characteristics on production day and every 15 days for 1 month at during storage. The Acid and Peroxide values in the pre dried samples showed a significant decrease compared to the control samples. the lowest content were for 7.5 minutes pre dried samples and maximum amount of it were for control samples. During storage Acid and Peroxide values increased in all of samples, but this increase in control samples was more than pre dried samples. By applying pre-drying treatment, volume of Bamiye decreased but tenderness of them increased. During storage time of samples, volume, tenderness and sensory properties decreased. In this case, reduce the volume and tenderness of the treated samples was less than the control sample. The results showed, pre drying is a suitable method for production of Bamiye samples and it has advantages such as saving product time, preparation Bamiye with low calorie, healthy oils and products with a high shelf-life. Advantages such as reducing process time, producing healthy product with lower calorie (due to low oil absorption) and longer lifetime.Bamiye is kind of sweet that frying is one of the stages of making it. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre drying on some quality features of Bamiye. Samples put in oven at 105 ° C for zero (control), 2.5, 5 and 7.5 minutes for drying, then they fried on frying oil at 160 ° C and were measured qualitative characteristics on production day and every 15 days for 1 month at during storage. The Acid and Peroxide values in the pre dried samples showed a significant decrease compared to the control samples. the lowest content were for 7.5 minutes pre dried samples and maximum amount of it were for control samples. During storage Acid and Peroxide values increased in all of samples, but this increase in control samples was more than pre dried samples. By applying pre-drying treatment, volume of Bamiye decreased but tenderness of them increased. During storage time of samples, volume, tenderness and sensory properties decreased. In this case, reduce the volume and tenderness of the treated samples was less than the control sample. The results showed, pre drying is a suitable method for production of Bamiye samples and it has advantages such as saving product time, preparation Bamiye with low calorie, healthy oils and products with a high shelf-life. Advantages such as reducing process time, producing healthy product with lower calorie (due to low oil absorption) and longer lifetime.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_70003_e1da484d1bb422eec709092a1c3e4d6f.pdfدانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering2008-480349420190220Study of Mechanical Power use in Shahriyar Agricultural Zone (Tehran province)Study of Mechanical Power use in Shahriyar Agricultural Zone (Tehran province)5335457000410.22059/ijbse.2018.137919.664691FALeilaOghbaeyM Sc. Student, Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranAlirezaKeyhaniProfessor, Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranAsadolahAkramAssociate Professor, Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran0000-0002-0835-0975Journal Article20160103In this research, use of mechanical power sources in the agricultural township of Shahriyar in Tehran province, was studied and strategies for improvement were provided. Data from field studies, literature and interview questionnaires were analyzed by using statistical software SPSS 21 in randomized complete block design and Duncan test method at 5% level for comparing means. In the region, 152 tractors, 3 combines and 4 self-propelled choppers were active. The region's tractors are able to perform operations for 1153.4 ha andin the township the executive capacity of 1,394 ha at the peak days is required.The available tractors are able to perform 83% of their executive power and it was found that 32 tractors and 13 migratory combines are needed to complete all agricultural operations. This shows a significant shortage of 32 tractors, which means that power has not been distributed appropriately. By taking suitable measures such as choosing proper tractors and matching implements and management practices can compensate for 14 tractors out of 32. Type of tractors and life of power source had significant effects on breakdown days of tractors with a direct relationship. Hour per horse power index of Universal tractors showed higher values which is an indication of better usage.In this research, use of mechanical power sources in the agricultural township of Shahriyar in Tehran province, was studied and strategies for improvement were provided. Data from field studies, literature and interview questionnaires were analyzed by using statistical software SPSS 21 in randomized complete block design and Duncan test method at 5% level for comparing means. In the region, 152 tractors, 3 combines and 4 self-propelled choppers were active. The region's tractors are able to perform operations for 1153.4 ha andin the township the executive capacity of 1,394 ha at the peak days is required.The available tractors are able to perform 83% of their executive power and it was found that 32 tractors and 13 migratory combines are needed to complete all agricultural operations. This shows a significant shortage of 32 tractors, which means that power has not been distributed appropriately. By taking suitable measures such as choosing proper tractors and matching implements and management practices can compensate for 14 tractors out of 32. Type of tractors and life of power source had significant effects on breakdown days of tractors with a direct relationship. Hour per horse power index of Universal tractors showed higher values which is an indication of better usage.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_70004_0c96e3b20cd3c5d06f68c767b2dadc34.pdfدانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering2008-480349420190220Design and Development of an Almond Kernel Sizing Unit Using Visual Sizing Function and Biomechanical PropertiesDesign and Development of an Almond Kernel Sizing Unit Using Visual Sizing Function and Biomechanical Properties5475567000510.22059/ijbse.2018.233572.664946FADavoudGhanbarianAssociate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IranAliGhorbaniMSc of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Office of Agricultural Mechanized Technologies, Organization of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Shahrekord, IranJournal Article20171213The most important part of the agricultural products sizing machines, is sizing unit. The main purpose of this research was to determination some engineering properties of almond kernel and design and manufacturing of sizing unit for use in a sizing machine. To choose the best sizing mechanism, the concept of visual sizing parameter function was used. The results showed that the thickness and length dimensions, with coefficients of 0.647 and 0.353 respectively, play the most important role in the sizing of almond kernels. In addition, statistical studies showed that the thickness dimension, in terms of having the lowest dispersion and standard deviation of data, is also the best dimension to design the device. To determine design parameters, some physical and mechanical properties of three varieties of almond kernel namely Sefid, Sangi and Mamaei, at three moisture levels (3, 9 and 15%), on three surface textures including polished steel, Teflon and wood were evaluated. The results showed that with increasing levels of humidity, the friction coefficient in all three varieties and on all three surface textures, showing an increasing trend while the force needed to break almond kernels showing a decreasing trend. Based on the obtained results, sizing unit using a pair of diverging polished steel rollers, was chosen as the best option and after determination of other attributes such as appropriate length and diameter for rollers, was used in special device for sizing almond kernels.The most important part of the agricultural products sizing machines, is sizing unit. The main purpose of this research was to determination some engineering properties of almond kernel and design and manufacturing of sizing unit for use in a sizing machine. To choose the best sizing mechanism, the concept of visual sizing parameter function was used. The results showed that the thickness and length dimensions, with coefficients of 0.647 and 0.353 respectively, play the most important role in the sizing of almond kernels. In addition, statistical studies showed that the thickness dimension, in terms of having the lowest dispersion and standard deviation of data, is also the best dimension to design the device. To determine design parameters, some physical and mechanical properties of three varieties of almond kernel namely Sefid, Sangi and Mamaei, at three moisture levels (3, 9 and 15%), on three surface textures including polished steel, Teflon and wood were evaluated. The results showed that with increasing levels of humidity, the friction coefficient in all three varieties and on all three surface textures, showing an increasing trend while the force needed to break almond kernels showing a decreasing trend. Based on the obtained results, sizing unit using a pair of diverging polished steel rollers, was chosen as the best option and after determination of other attributes such as appropriate length and diameter for rollers, was used in special device for sizing almond kernels.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_70005_37844adf5bacd61f885664fa7d18f6a9.pdfدانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering2008-480349420190220Production of Biodegradable Packaging Material Based on Starch-kefiran-ZnO: Physical and Mechanical CharacterizationProduction of Biodegradable Packaging Material Based on Starch-kefiran-ZnO: Physical and Mechanical Characterization5575657000610.22059/ijbse.2018.240115.664980FAImanShahabi-GhahfarrokhiAssistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IranAminBabaei-GhazviniGraduated MS Student, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, IranJournal Article20170916In this study, biodegradable film based on starch-kefiran-ZnO was made by casting method. The produced films contain different content of nano ZnO (ZN) (1%, 3%, and 5% wt.). Also ZN dispersed by ultrasonic homogenizer and added to the starch-kefiran solution. Surface characteristics, thickness, moisture content, water vapor permeability and mechanical properties were investigated. In the images of water droplets, it was observed that the contact angle of starch-kefiran was 89.67 degrees. By increasing the amount of zinc oxide nanoparticles up to 1%, the contact angle increased significantly to 95.63 degrees, which means improving the surface properties and hydrophobicity. The water vapor permeability for starch-kefir film (×10<sup>−10</sup> g m<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>Pa<sup>−1</sup>) was 3.12, which was increased to 2.03 (×10<sup>−10</sup> g m<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>Pa<sup>−1</sup>) by increasing the concentration of zinc oxide up to 3%. Tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the specimens were increased by increasing ZN content up to 3%. On the other hand, elongation at break of the nanocomposites was decreased, simultaneously. It is obvious that, ZN was improved some of the packaging properties of the starch-kefiran film.In this study, biodegradable film based on starch-kefiran-ZnO was made by casting method. The produced films contain different content of nano ZnO (ZN) (1%, 3%, and 5% wt.). Also ZN dispersed by ultrasonic homogenizer and added to the starch-kefiran solution. Surface characteristics, thickness, moisture content, water vapor permeability and mechanical properties were investigated. In the images of water droplets, it was observed that the contact angle of starch-kefiran was 89.67 degrees. By increasing the amount of zinc oxide nanoparticles up to 1%, the contact angle increased significantly to 95.63 degrees, which means improving the surface properties and hydrophobicity. The water vapor permeability for starch-kefir film (×10<sup>−10</sup> g m<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>Pa<sup>−1</sup>) was 3.12, which was increased to 2.03 (×10<sup>−10</sup> g m<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>Pa<sup>−1</sup>) by increasing the concentration of zinc oxide up to 3%. Tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the specimens were increased by increasing ZN content up to 3%. On the other hand, elongation at break of the nanocomposites was decreased, simultaneously. It is obvious that, ZN was improved some of the packaging properties of the starch-kefiran film.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_70006_0e427848c7c9be6a98d6a045bf266db8.pdfدانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering2008-480349420190220Temperature Prediction of a Greenhouse Equipped with Evaporative Cooling System Using Regression Models and Artificial Neural Network (Case Study in Kerman City)Temperature Prediction of a Greenhouse Equipped with Evaporative Cooling System Using Regression Models and Artificial Neural Network (Case Study in Kerman City)5675767000910.22059/ijbse.2018.241916.664987FAMohammad HosseinShojaeiDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranHamidMortezapourAssistant Professor in Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranKazemJafari NaeimiDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran0000-0002-3753-1249Mohammad MehdiMaharlooeiDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran0000-0001-5750-3168Journal Article20170925Today's agriculture, greenhouse cultivation plays a key role in increasing the quantity and quality of products. Indoor conditions of the greenhouse depend on some external factors, which are usually not easily predictable. The purpose of this study was to estimate the air temperature inside the greenhouse in two modes of ventilation (non-ventilated conditions and evaporative cooling system) using artificial neural network and regression models. Some factors such as solar irradiance, ambient temperature, northern wall temperature and flow rate and temperature of the cooling air were employed as the inputs of the models. Verification of the models was conducted using statistical criteria of mean square error, correlation coefficient and mean absolute percentage error. In order to train the neural network from multilayer perceptron with the algorithm of post-error learning and using the Levenberg-marquart training algorithms, the Bayesian regression and the gradient conjugate scalar, and in the regression model of the progressive and forward method for determining regression equations were used. Comparison of the statistical criteria indicated that the artificial neural network method predicted the greenhouse temperature with a higher accuracy than the regression model.Today's agriculture, greenhouse cultivation plays a key role in increasing the quantity and quality of products. Indoor conditions of the greenhouse depend on some external factors, which are usually not easily predictable. The purpose of this study was to estimate the air temperature inside the greenhouse in two modes of ventilation (non-ventilated conditions and evaporative cooling system) using artificial neural network and regression models. Some factors such as solar irradiance, ambient temperature, northern wall temperature and flow rate and temperature of the cooling air were employed as the inputs of the models. Verification of the models was conducted using statistical criteria of mean square error, correlation coefficient and mean absolute percentage error. In order to train the neural network from multilayer perceptron with the algorithm of post-error learning and using the Levenberg-marquart training algorithms, the Bayesian regression and the gradient conjugate scalar, and in the regression model of the progressive and forward method for determining regression equations were used. Comparison of the statistical criteria indicated that the artificial neural network method predicted the greenhouse temperature with a higher accuracy than the regression model.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_70009_18e96323a7befd74c9a9b96ab8822cf7.pdfدانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering2008-480349420190220Design and Evaluation of an Image Processing Based Algorithm for Shape Reconstruction and Real-Time Measurement of Geometrical Dimensions of Anthurium FlowerDesign and Evaluation of an Image Processing Based Algorithm for Shape Reconstruction and Real-Time Measurement of Geometrical Dimensions of Anthurium Flower5775877001010.22059/ijbse.2018.243069.664994FAAlirezaSoleimani PourCollege of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6674-7148GholamrezaCheginiAgrotechnology Dept, Aboreihan college,Tehran university,Tehran,Iran0000-0003-1951-1604Journal Article20171010Reconstructing an object as a set of points or a polynomial curve in a Cartesian coordinate system provides automatic recognition of the object key points. So, it is possible to obtain geometrical key-points in a short time and without the operator. In this research, a new algorithm was developed to reconstruction and recognition of key points of Anthurium flowers. Image processing techniques, B-spline curves and mathematical operations are used for boundary extraction, shape reconstruction and key-points detection. The results showed that the degree of similarity between reconstructed shape and original image shape for three cultivars of Anthurium flower is 97.6%, averagely. The processing time of the algorithm was 0.62s for optimum B-spline knot number. Also, in all tests, the two key-points defined for the shape of Anthurium flower have been accurately detected and estimation error for measuring the geometrical dimensions of Anthurium flower using the algorithm was less than 3%.Reconstructing an object as a set of points or a polynomial curve in a Cartesian coordinate system provides automatic recognition of the object key points. So, it is possible to obtain geometrical key-points in a short time and without the operator. In this research, a new algorithm was developed to reconstruction and recognition of key points of Anthurium flowers. Image processing techniques, B-spline curves and mathematical operations are used for boundary extraction, shape reconstruction and key-points detection. The results showed that the degree of similarity between reconstructed shape and original image shape for three cultivars of Anthurium flower is 97.6%, averagely. The processing time of the algorithm was 0.62s for optimum B-spline knot number. Also, in all tests, the two key-points defined for the shape of Anthurium flower have been accurately detected and estimation error for measuring the geometrical dimensions of Anthurium flower using the algorithm was less than 3%.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_70010_1ddf33ae3075b8a12da2c2ea7cfd96b7.pdfدانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering2008-480349420190220Investigation of Properties of Bioactive Peptides Derived from Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Chicken Slaughter WasteInvestigation of Properties of Bioactive Peptides Derived from Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Chicken Slaughter Waste5895967001110.22059/ijbse.2018.243764.664999FAKhaterehParhizkariGraduated MSc of Food Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch,Tehran, Iran.EbrahimHosseiniAssociate Professor of Food Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch,Tehran, Iran.AkramSharifiAssistant Professor of Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, IranJournal Article20171015The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of producing bioactive peptides from chicken waste proteins by enzymatic hydrolysis. Protein extract of chicken waste was hydrolyzed by Actinidin Cyanocele extract. Then it was estimated the degree of hydrolysis, mean length of the peptide chain and the antioxidant property of the hydrolyzed product. Assay of antioxidant property of protein hydrolyzates showed that in the first four hours, antioxidant property of experiment samples increased to 85%, while with increasing the hydrolysis until 8 hours, the antioxidant activity decreased to 32%. The reason for this reduction can be more hydrolysis and degradation in regions of bioactive peptides that have antioxidant properties. So, the results of this study indicated that enzymatic hydrolysis of chicken waste is a way for production of natural antioxidant compounds that can be considered as drug or additive in food and pharmaceutical industries.The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of producing bioactive peptides from chicken waste proteins by enzymatic hydrolysis. Protein extract of chicken waste was hydrolyzed by Actinidin Cyanocele extract. Then it was estimated the degree of hydrolysis, mean length of the peptide chain and the antioxidant property of the hydrolyzed product. Assay of antioxidant property of protein hydrolyzates showed that in the first four hours, antioxidant property of experiment samples increased to 85%, while with increasing the hydrolysis until 8 hours, the antioxidant activity decreased to 32%. The reason for this reduction can be more hydrolysis and degradation in regions of bioactive peptides that have antioxidant properties. So, the results of this study indicated that enzymatic hydrolysis of chicken waste is a way for production of natural antioxidant compounds that can be considered as drug or additive in food and pharmaceutical industries.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_70011_353021cfcf614f593c1967838a248a49.pdfدانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering2008-480349420190220Life Cycle Assessment of the Sugar Industry: A Case Study of Amir Kabir Sugar Cane IndustryLife Cycle Assessment of the Sugar Industry: A Case Study of Amir Kabir Sugar Cane Industry5976087001310.22059/ijbse.2018.245462.665005FAFatemehMarashiPh.D. Student, Department of Environment and Energy, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, IranNematoallahJafarzadeh Haghighi FardProfessor, Department of Environmental Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences,Ahvaz, IranNematoallahKhorasaniProfessor, Department of Forestry, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranSeyed MasoodMonavariAssistant Professor, Department of Environmental Assessment and Environmental Assessment, Department of Environmental Science and Research, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20171123Nowadays, the importance of protecting the environment is obvious, so any action and implementation of any program requires sufficient knowledge of the environment. One way of preserving natural resources and achieving sustainable development, especially sustainable agriculture, is to assess the environmental impacts of the production process of agricultural products through the life cycle assessment. In this study, this method was used to evaluate the environmental impacts of classes of effects based on the ISO standard. The results showed in the production of sugarcane, the classes of effects release to the environment were as following: eutrophication 4.6 kgPO<sup>4 --- </sup>equivalent, acidification 21.94 kgSO<sub>2</sub>, and global warming 1701.76 kg equivalent to carbon dioxide, abiotic depletion 0.000087 kg Sb eq, and ozone layer depletion 28 mgCFC. Accordingly, electricity and burning have the highest share per tons of sugar.Nowadays, the importance of protecting the environment is obvious, so any action and implementation of any program requires sufficient knowledge of the environment. One way of preserving natural resources and achieving sustainable development, especially sustainable agriculture, is to assess the environmental impacts of the production process of agricultural products through the life cycle assessment. In this study, this method was used to evaluate the environmental impacts of classes of effects based on the ISO standard. The results showed in the production of sugarcane, the classes of effects release to the environment were as following: eutrophication 4.6 kgPO<sup>4 --- </sup>equivalent, acidification 21.94 kgSO<sub>2</sub>, and global warming 1701.76 kg equivalent to carbon dioxide, abiotic depletion 0.000087 kg Sb eq, and ozone layer depletion 28 mgCFC. Accordingly, electricity and burning have the highest share per tons of sugar.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_70013_6bf5e22eb294f7d83295bc814f73c54c.pdfدانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering2008-480349420190220Characterization of Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Hemicellulose-Gelatin FilmsCharacterization of Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Hemicellulose-Gelatin Films6096197001410.22059/ijbse.2018.248621.665022FAHassanBarzegarAssociate Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural Sciences and natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Molasani, Iran0000-0001-7711-7934Mohammad AminMehrniaAssistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural Sciences and natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Molasani, Iran0000-0002-2384-1844MinaHassanzadehMSc. Student, Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural Sciences and natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Molasani, IranJournal Article20171226In this study, biodegradable hemicellulose-gelatin blend films with different ratios were developed to examine their physicochemical and mechanical properties. Films prepared with 25/75 hemicellulose/ gelatin In the ratio of 25/75, hemicellulose / gelatin, produced composite films, in comparison with other films showed the lowest water vapor permeability (4.59× 10<sup>-10</sup>g/msPa), water solubility (29.995%) and tensile strength (1.83 Mpa) and highest elongation at break (203.85%). Slight increase in hemicellulose concentration increased tensile strength, water solubility and water vapor permeability and lowered elongation at break comparing to control and further increase in hemicellulose rose water solubility and tensile strength and elongation at break decreased. Also, comparing the composite films with control film (gelatin film, HGa), it was observed that by adding 25% hemicellulose, the water solubility and the tensile strength of the films decreased and elongation at break increased. Afterwards with increasing ratio of hemicellulose solubility and tensile strength increased and on the other hand, elongation at break decreased. According to the results, it seems that the combination of hemicellulose-gelatin is a suitable mixture with significant properties for the production of biodegradable films.In this study, biodegradable hemicellulose-gelatin blend films with different ratios were developed to examine their physicochemical and mechanical properties. Films prepared with 25/75 hemicellulose/ gelatin In the ratio of 25/75, hemicellulose / gelatin, produced composite films, in comparison with other films showed the lowest water vapor permeability (4.59× 10<sup>-10</sup>g/msPa), water solubility (29.995%) and tensile strength (1.83 Mpa) and highest elongation at break (203.85%). Slight increase in hemicellulose concentration increased tensile strength, water solubility and water vapor permeability and lowered elongation at break comparing to control and further increase in hemicellulose rose water solubility and tensile strength and elongation at break decreased. Also, comparing the composite films with control film (gelatin film, HGa), it was observed that by adding 25% hemicellulose, the water solubility and the tensile strength of the films decreased and elongation at break increased. Afterwards with increasing ratio of hemicellulose solubility and tensile strength increased and on the other hand, elongation at break decreased. According to the results, it seems that the combination of hemicellulose-gelatin is a suitable mixture with significant properties for the production of biodegradable films.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_70014_66d0ab63e956dbc2c17ac828b1168c61.pdfدانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering2008-480349420190220Determining the Optimal Parameters of a Precise Vacuum-Cylinder Metering Device for Sowing of Iranian Lentil SeedDetermining the Optimal Parameters of a Precise Vacuum-Cylinder Metering Device for Sowing of Iranian Lentil Seed6216297001510.22059/ijbse.2018.249495.665024FAHosseinBagherpourAssistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.HosseinHaji Agha AlizadehAssistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.Journal Article20180104The main objective of this study is to investigate the performance of cylinder-type vacuum precision seeder and to find its optimum performance point. Mean seed spacing, Miss and Multiple indices of lentil seed were used to evaluate the optimum performance of metering device. In this study, the effect of vacuum pressure (30, 50 and 80 mbar), seed hole diameter (2, 3 and 4 mm) and conveyor speed (2, 4 and 6 km/h) were investigated on the metering device performance by using grease belt made and all assessments were conducted in a completely randomized design. Results showed that the optimum performance point of seed whole diameter, vacuum pressure and speed were determined as 3 mm, 50 mbar and 2 km/h. In this optimum point, the Miss Index, Multiple index and mean seed spacing were obtained as 6.55%, 8.82% and 6.18 cm, respectively. Maximum deviation of actual and nominal mean seed spacing was obtained at the seed hole diameter of 2 mm and grease belt speed of 6 km/h. The acceptable performance of metering device was obtained in the low speed of grease belt, medium seed hole diameter and medium vacuum pressure.The main objective of this study is to investigate the performance of cylinder-type vacuum precision seeder and to find its optimum performance point. Mean seed spacing, Miss and Multiple indices of lentil seed were used to evaluate the optimum performance of metering device. In this study, the effect of vacuum pressure (30, 50 and 80 mbar), seed hole diameter (2, 3 and 4 mm) and conveyor speed (2, 4 and 6 km/h) were investigated on the metering device performance by using grease belt made and all assessments were conducted in a completely randomized design. Results showed that the optimum performance point of seed whole diameter, vacuum pressure and speed were determined as 3 mm, 50 mbar and 2 km/h. In this optimum point, the Miss Index, Multiple index and mean seed spacing were obtained as 6.55%, 8.82% and 6.18 cm, respectively. Maximum deviation of actual and nominal mean seed spacing was obtained at the seed hole diameter of 2 mm and grease belt speed of 6 km/h. The acceptable performance of metering device was obtained in the low speed of grease belt, medium seed hole diameter and medium vacuum pressure.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_70015_01ba27734d3b59c24ca754c97032b044.pdfدانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering2008-480349420190220Modeling and Optimizing Performance of Pumpkin Seed Separator Machine Using Response Surface MethodologyModeling and Optimizing Performance of Pumpkin Seed Separator Machine Using Response Surface Methodology6316447001610.22059/ijbse.2018.249572.665026FATaherHajizadehDepartment of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, IranSamiraZareeiDepartment of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, IranJalalKhodaeiDepartment of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0001-9456-7849Journal Article20180106Separation is one of the important processes in harvesting agricultural products. Finding appropriate methods for improved separation of the seeds and reducing loss of the seeds in the separation devise are important challenges of this field. The aim of this research is to model and optimize performance of pumpkin seed separator machine. Experiments were conducted using response surface methodology and central composite design Results revealed that diameter of the separator shaft gear, width of the frictional belts and speed of the PTO shaft, at 1% probability level, and feed rate, at 5% probability level, have significant effects on seed loss percentage and purity of the seeds. Second-order regression models were presented for predicting response variables. Values of 3 days, 184 mm, 12.9 cm, 18.33 tons h<sup>-1</sup> and 450 rpm were outlined as the optimum values of rest after harvest, gear diameter, width of the frictional belt, feed rate and speed of the PTO shaft, respectively.Separation is one of the important processes in harvesting agricultural products. Finding appropriate methods for improved separation of the seeds and reducing loss of the seeds in the separation devise are important challenges of this field. The aim of this research is to model and optimize performance of pumpkin seed separator machine. Experiments were conducted using response surface methodology and central composite design Results revealed that diameter of the separator shaft gear, width of the frictional belts and speed of the PTO shaft, at 1% probability level, and feed rate, at 5% probability level, have significant effects on seed loss percentage and purity of the seeds. Second-order regression models were presented for predicting response variables. Values of 3 days, 184 mm, 12.9 cm, 18.33 tons h<sup>-1</sup> and 450 rpm were outlined as the optimum values of rest after harvest, gear diameter, width of the frictional belt, feed rate and speed of the PTO shaft, respectively.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_70016_9e6adf1410ef08554ee9ba8e92d2a199.pdfدانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering2008-480349420190220Intelligent classification of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on freshness using the combined of image processing techniques and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systemIntelligent classification of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on freshness using the combined of image processing techniques and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system6456577001710.22059/ijbse.2018.249782.665028FAAminTaheri-GaravandAssistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems Department, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran0000-0002-5875-824XSodabeFatahiMSc. Student, Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems Department, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, IranAshkanBananAssistant Professor, Department of Animal Scinence, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, IranJournal Article20180108This paper proposes an image processing method in combination with the intelligent adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for classifying common carp bodies based on the freshness factor during the storage period under ice-covered conditions. In doing so, after image acquisition, for pre-processing, the images were transferred to various color channels and the statistical properties of the image texture were extracted. In order to increase the speed and accuracy of classification, the principal component analysis method (PCA) was used to reduce the dimensions of the features. Evaluation of the classifier was performed to identify the freshness level using statistical indices such as accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC). The values of these indices for classification using ANFIS for the test data were obtained as 90.33, 79.1, 77.36, 92.57 and 84.97, respectively. The acceptable results obtained from fish images showed that the current method has the ability for quick online detection of fish freshness in the food industry as a low-cost, simple and non-destructive method.This paper proposes an image processing method in combination with the intelligent adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for classifying common carp bodies based on the freshness factor during the storage period under ice-covered conditions. In doing so, after image acquisition, for pre-processing, the images were transferred to various color channels and the statistical properties of the image texture were extracted. In order to increase the speed and accuracy of classification, the principal component analysis method (PCA) was used to reduce the dimensions of the features. Evaluation of the classifier was performed to identify the freshness level using statistical indices such as accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC). The values of these indices for classification using ANFIS for the test data were obtained as 90.33, 79.1, 77.36, 92.57 and 84.97, respectively. The acceptable results obtained from fish images showed that the current method has the ability for quick online detection of fish freshness in the food industry as a low-cost, simple and non-destructive method.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_70017_4e5de77b422052c61f2868c1ebcf2fab.pdfدانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering2008-480349420190220Calculating the Ventilation Rate of Broiler Chick Salon by Carbon Dioxide Balance Method and Comparison with Direct Measurement MethodCalculating the Ventilation Rate of Broiler Chick Salon by Carbon Dioxide Balance Method and Comparison with Direct Measurement Method6596687001910.22059/ijbse.2018.249787.665029FAMousarezaBaghaniDepartment of Biosystems
Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranMohammad HosseinAghkhaniProfessor in Department of Mechanical Engineering Biosystem. Faculty of Agriculture. Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad. Iran.Journal Article20180115Ventilation rate of the poultries can be calculated by directly and indirectly method. This research was carried out in poultry with population of 18,000 broiler chicks in Sabzavar to compare these two methods. The output air velocity was measured in each of the fans at 24 points of the fan surface to measure the ventilation rate directly. The average speed at the effective surface of the fans was also calculated. The ventilation rate in the CO<sub>2</sub> equilibrium method was obtained by calculating the CO<sub>2</sub> production rate of chicks and measuring the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration at the air inlets and outlets of the poultry, using the equations of gas balance in control volume. The results showed that the difference in two methods of measurement in different conditions of the salon was less than 22% (12500 m<sup>3</sup>/h) and with increasing ventilation rate, the difference between the two methods decreased to 2%.Ventilation rate of the poultries can be calculated by directly and indirectly method. This research was carried out in poultry with population of 18,000 broiler chicks in Sabzavar to compare these two methods. The output air velocity was measured in each of the fans at 24 points of the fan surface to measure the ventilation rate directly. The average speed at the effective surface of the fans was also calculated. The ventilation rate in the CO<sub>2</sub> equilibrium method was obtained by calculating the CO<sub>2</sub> production rate of chicks and measuring the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration at the air inlets and outlets of the poultry, using the equations of gas balance in control volume. The results showed that the difference in two methods of measurement in different conditions of the salon was less than 22% (12500 m<sup>3</sup>/h) and with increasing ventilation rate, the difference between the two methods decreased to 2%.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_70019_13a88c982750bbd14c8517b4a04dc383.pdfدانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering2008-480349420190220Forecasting the Outlet Fluid Temperature from a Flat Plate Collector Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Regression (SVR)Forecasting the Outlet Fluid Temperature from a Flat Plate Collector Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Regression (SVR)6696787002310.22059/ijbse.2018.250104.665030FALidaDehlaghiMSc. Student, Mechanical Engineering of Biosystem Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranHekmatRabbaniAssociate Professor, Mechanical Engineering of Biosystem Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranEsmaeilMirzaee- GhalehAssistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering of Biosystem Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0003-2176-1725KamranKheiralipourAssistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering of Biosystem Department, Ilam University, Ilam, IranJournal Article20180114In the present study, the outlet water temperature from flat plate solar collector using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector regression (SVR) was modeled and compared with experimental results. Based on the results, with increasing input parameters of models, the accuracy of the model was increased. According to the results the values of R<sup>2</sup>, RMSE and MAPE in the SVR method for the first model were 0.97, 3.25 and 2.77, respectively. While these values for the second model was 0.99, 0.10 and 0.55, respectively. On the other hand, for the ANN method and for the first model these values were 0.99 and 0.02 and 0.28, respectively. And for the second model were 0.99 and 0.01 and 0.19, respectively. The results showed that the accuracy of artificial neural network model for peridicting the water outlet temperature was better than that of the support vector regression model.In the present study, the outlet water temperature from flat plate solar collector using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector regression (SVR) was modeled and compared with experimental results. Based on the results, with increasing input parameters of models, the accuracy of the model was increased. According to the results the values of R<sup>2</sup>, RMSE and MAPE in the SVR method for the first model were 0.97, 3.25 and 2.77, respectively. While these values for the second model was 0.99, 0.10 and 0.55, respectively. On the other hand, for the ANN method and for the first model these values were 0.99 and 0.02 and 0.28, respectively. And for the second model were 0.99 and 0.01 and 0.19, respectively. The results showed that the accuracy of artificial neural network model for peridicting the water outlet temperature was better than that of the support vector regression model.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_70023_0ed236ac2db80ac6f9e387a1b5bd4541.pdfدانشگاه تهرانIranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering2008-480349420190220Design, Manufacture, and Optimization of a Micro-Gasifier Biomass Cook StoveDesign, Manufacture, and Optimization of a Micro-Gasifier Biomass Cook Stove6796897004210.22059/ijbse.2018.252346.665038FAMohammadrezaRasoulkhaniMSc. of Recycling and Resources Management, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.MohammadaliEbrahimi-NikAssistant Professor, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.Mohammade HosseinAbbaspour-FardProfessor, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.0000-0002-5575-5115AbbasRohaniAssistant Professor, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.0000-0002-4494-7058Journal Article20180214In international development programs on improvement of energy supply for cooking in remote regions, where people are dependent on wood as the sole fuel resource, biomass cook stoves have a remarkable place. The thermal efficiency of such stoves are up to 3 times of those of traditional open fire stoves. In this research, a biomass cook stove was manufactured and evaluated according to the emission and performance test protocol. The fire power of the stove was 1.4 kW, and flaming duration by feeding 400 g of pistachio shell was recorded to be 26 minutes. In order to improve the pyrolysis vapor combustion process, a damper was embedded in the stove, and also the outer wall of the stove was isolated by using a ceramic layer. Results showed that the control index was improved by three folds. Also, burning duration increased up to 57% and the emission of carbon monoxide was found to be in the permissible range.In international development programs on improvement of energy supply for cooking in remote regions, where people are dependent on wood as the sole fuel resource, biomass cook stoves have a remarkable place. The thermal efficiency of such stoves are up to 3 times of those of traditional open fire stoves. In this research, a biomass cook stove was manufactured and evaluated according to the emission and performance test protocol. The fire power of the stove was 1.4 kW, and flaming duration by feeding 400 g of pistachio shell was recorded to be 26 minutes. In order to improve the pyrolysis vapor combustion process, a damper was embedded in the stove, and also the outer wall of the stove was isolated by using a ceramic layer. Results showed that the control index was improved by three folds. Also, burning duration increased up to 57% and the emission of carbon monoxide was found to be in the permissible range.https://ijbse.ut.ac.ir/article_70042_4566e34f2e97f3bcbe4bed52afab1c02.pdf