Spatial Variability Analysis and Zoning of Soil Compaction Using Different Geostatistical Methods

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Associated Professor, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Professor, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

4 Associated Professor, Agricultural engineering research department, khorasan razavi agricultural and natural resources research and education center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran.

5 Professor, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

One of the important soil properties, which is related to the soil-plant relationship, is soil compaction. The aim of this study is to investigate the spatial variations of soil compaction using different Geostatistic methods, affected by conservation tillage. To evaluating the Geostatistic, soil samples were taken for regular grid of 10 × 10 meters in 117 points. The area of study was a 1.2 hectare land in Agricultural Research Center located in the vicinity of Mashhad in Khorasan Razavi province, the soil cone index was measured at the depth of 0-35 cm. After Geostatistic analysis and semivariogram for estimating variables using the kriging methods (EBK) and Deterministic interpolation methods in GS + and Arc (GIS). Criteria for evaluation in this research are the values of root mean square error (RMSE), mean error (ME), using the cross-validation method. The results showed that the empirical Bayesian kriging methods (EBK) and Ordinary Kriging (OK) are the best model to estimate soil compaction region.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Adamchuk, V.I., Ingram, T.J., Sudduth, K.A. and Chung, S.O. (2008). On-the-go mapping of soil mechanical resistance using a linear depth effect model. Transactions of the ASABE, 51(6),1885-1894.
Agrawal, O.P., Rao, K.V.G.K., Chauhan, H.S. and Khandelwal, M.K.. (1995). Geostatistical analysis of soil salinity improvement with subsurface drainage system. Transactions of the ASAE, 38(5),1427-1433.
Ayers, P.D. and Perumpral, J.V. (1982). Moisture and density effect on cone index. Transactions of the ASAE, 25(5), 1169-1172.
ASAE Standards, 46 Ed. (1999b). EP542. Procedures for using and reporting data obtained with the soil cone penetrometer. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.
Burgess, T.M. and Webster, R. (1980). Optimal interpolation and isar1thmic mapping of soil properties. Journal of soil science, 31(2),315-331.
Cambardella, C.A., Moorman, T.B., Parkin, T.B., Karlen, D.L., Novak, J.M., Turco, R.F. and Konopka, A.E. (1994). Field-scale variability of soil properties in central Iowa soils. Soil science society of America journal, 58(5), 1501-1511.
Castrignano, A., Maiorana, M., Fornaro, F. and Lopez, N. (2002). 3D spatial variability of soil strength and its change over time in a durum wheat field in Southern Italy. Soil and Tillage Research, 65(1), 95-108.
Cheng, X.F. and XIE, Y. (2009). Spatial Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon Density in Anhui Province Based on GIS [J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 4, p.011.
Clark, R.L. (1999). Evaluation of the potential to develop soil strength maps using a cone penetrometer (No. 993109). ASAE Paper.
Davis, B.M. (1987). Uses and abuses of cross-validation in geostatistics. Mathematical geology, 19(3), 241-248.
Fasinmirin, J.T. and Reichert, J.M. (2011). Conservation tillage for cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) production in the tropics. Soil and Tillage Research, 113(1),1-10.
Ferrero, A., Usowicz, B. and Lipiec, J. (2005). Effects of tractor traffic on spatial variability of soil strength and water content in grass covered and cultivated sloping vineyard. Soil and Tillage Research, 84(2), 127-138.
Fulton, J.P., Wells, L.G., Shearer, S.A. and Barnhisel, R.I. (1996). Spatial variation of soil physical properties: a precursor to precision tillage. ASAE Paper, 961002, pp.1-9.
Gohari,M. and Hemmat,a.(2007). The introduction of a cone penetrometer behind tractor used for mapping soil resistance. Journal of The new findings Agriculture.1(3), 234-240. (In Farsi).
Hasani-Pak, A.A. (1998). Geostatistics. Tehran University Press (4th ed). 360p. (In Farsi).
Huang, S.W., Jin, J.Y., Yang, L.P. and Bai, Y.L., 2006. Spatial variability of soil ‎nutrients and influencing factors in a vegetable production area of Hebei Province ‎in China. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 75(1-3), pp.201-212.
 Johnston, K., Ver Hoef, J.M., Krivoruchko, K. and Lucas, N. (2001). Using ArcGIS geostatistical analyst (Vol. 380). Redlands: Esri.
Khalilian, A. and Hallman, R.R., 1996, July. Energy Requirements of Conservation ‎Tillage Tools in Coastal Plain Soils. In Proc. Conservation Tillage Conference for ‎Sustainable Agriculture, SP (pp. 96-07).
Kilic, K., Özgöz, E. and Akbaş, F. (2004). Assessment of spatial variability in penetration resistance as related to some soil physical properties of two fluvents in Turkey.  Soil and Tillage Research, 76(1), 1-11.
Khosravi,Y. and Abbasi, A. (2016). Spatial analysis of environmental data with geostatistics.Azar kelk Press (1th ed).274p. (In Farsi).
Knotters, M., Heuvelink, G.B.M., Hoogland, T. and Walvoort, D.J.J. (2010). A disposition of interpolation techniques. Wageningen University and Research Centre, Statutory Research Tasks Unit for Nature and the Environment: Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Kravchenko, A. and Bullock, D.G., 1999. A comparative study of interpolation ‎methods for mapping soil properties. Agronomy Journal, 91(3), pp.393-400.
Krivoruchko, K. (2012). Empirical bayesian kriging. Esri: Redlands, CA, USA.
Liu, S., Zhang, H., Dai, Q., Huo, Z., Xu, K. and Ruan, H. (2005). Effects of no-tillage plus inter-planting and remaining straw on the field on cropland eco-environment and wheat growth. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao, The journal of applied ecology/Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban, 16(2), 393-396.
Masumi,A. ali beygi,H. Hemmat,A. (2008). The short term effects on soil compaction and land leveling.  In: Proceeding of 5th National  Congress  of  Agricultural  Machinery  Engineering  and Mechanization. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. (In Farsi).
Mirzaei, R. and Sakizadeh, M. (2016). Comparison of interpolation methods for the estimation of groundwater contamination in Andimeshk-Shush Plain, Southwest of Iran. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(3), 2758-2769.
Nielsen, D.R. and Wendroth, O. (2003). Spatial and temporal statistics: sampling field soils and their vegetation. Catena Verlag.
Raper, R.L., Schwab, E.B. and Dabney, S.M. (2005). Measurement and variation of site-specific hardpans for silty upland soils in the Southeastern United States. Soil and Tillage Research, 84(1), 7-17.
Robinson, T.P. and Metternicht, G. (2006). Testing the performance of spatial interpolation techniques for mapping soil properties. Computers and electronics in agriculture, 50(2), 97-108.
Rejman, J., Turski, R. and Paluszek, J. (1998). Spatial and temporal variations in erodibility of loess soil. Soil and Tillage Research, 46(1), 61-68.
Sims, B.G. and O'Neill, D.H., 1994. Testing and evaluation of agricultural machinery and quipment: Principles and practices (No. 110). Food & Agriculture Org. ‎
Sun, Y., Ma, D., Lammers, P.S., Schmittmann, O. and Rose, M. (2006). On-the-go measurement of soil water content and mechanical resistance by a combined horizontal penetrometer. Soil and tillage Research, 86(2), 209-217.
Shi, J., Wang, H., Xu, J., Wu, J., Liu, X., Zhu, H. and Yu, C. (2007). Spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils: a case study of Changxing, China. Environmental Geology, 52(1), 1-10.
Tekeste, M.Z., Raper, R.L., Schwab, E.B. and Seymour, L. (2009). Soil drying effects on spatial variability of soil hardpan attributes on pacolet sandy loam soil. Transactions of the ASABE, 52(3), 697-705.
Topa, D., Ailincăi, C. and Jităreanu, G. (2011). Soil compaction influence on winter wheat yield and soil physical properties. LucrăriŞtiinţifice-Seria Agronomie, 54, pp.306-310.
Trangmar, B.B., Yost, R.S. and Uehara, G. (1986). Application of geostatistics to spatial studies of soil properties. Advances in agronomy, 38, pp.45-94.
Utset, A. and Cid, G. (2001). Soil penetrometer resistance spatial variability in a Ferralsol at several soil moisture conditions. Soil and Tillage Research, 61(3), 193-202.
Usowicz, B. and Lipiec, J. (2009). Spatial distribution of soil penetration resistance as affected by soil compaction: The fractal approach. Ecological Complexity, 6(3), 263-271.
Vaz, C.M., Manieri, J.M., De Maria, I.C. and Tuller, M. (2011). Modeling and correction of soil penetration resistance for varying soil water content. Geoderma, 166(1), 92-101.
Vauclin, M., Vieira, S.R., Vachaud, G. and Nielsen, D.R. (1983). The use of cokriging with limited field soil observations. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 47(2), 175-184.
Warrick, A.W. and Nielsen, D.R. (1980). Spatial variability of soil physical properties in the field. pp. 319-344
Webster, R. and Oliver, M.A. (2007). Geostatistics for environmental scientists. John Wiley & Sons.
Wei, J.B., Xiao, D.N., Zeng, H. and Fu, Y.K.. (2008). Spatial variability of soil properties in relation to land use and topography in a typical small watershed of the black soil region, northeastern China. Environmental geology, 53(8), 1663-1672.
Iranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering
Volume 49, Issue 3
November 2018
Pages 329-340

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 17 February 2017
  • Revise Date: 26 October 2017
  • Accept Date: 07 February 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics