Performance evaluation of intelligent filters designed for water treatment in the irrigation systems

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Biosystems Engineering Department, Faculty of agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

Abstract

 
In line with the optimal management to water consumption, the usage of irrigation systems equipped with water cleanup systems increased the acceptance of these systems. In this research, a smart filter equipped with automatic self-cleaning technology was constructed. The experimental of this research in the form of a factorial test based on a completely randomized design with three factors working pressure, water quality and the diameter of filter openings with three repetitions in controlled laboratory conditions. The amount of water consumed will be higher for samples containing large amounts of impurities and filters with larger aperture diameters, and using filters with smaller aperture diameters and considering low operating pressure can reduce the amount of water consumed for washing. The results showed that the best quality of purified water (96.3%) and the lowest amount of water used for washing occurred (21.2 L) at a working pressure of 100 kPa, although this has increased the number of filter washing times. Setting the washing process at the beginning of the first point of pressure deviation causes a high amount of water to be purified in each cycle. Setting up the working pressure unit of the smart filter control unit within 100 kPa and using a net with an opening diameter of 0.1 mm reduces the amount of water used to wash (79%) and increases the quality of the treated water (90%), which will allow the use of waters containing large amounts of suspended soluble solid materials.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Performance evaluation of intelligent filters designed for water treatment in the irrigation systems

 

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

 

Introduction

Today, the limitation of water resources and the need to increase the efficiency of irrigation water consumption increased the importance of management and planning. In irrigation systems, the main problem in maintaining the system is the clogging of emitters due to the physical, chemical, and biological factors of water, which makes it challenging to identify the emitters that are blocked. One reason for clogging emitters in irrigation is suspended solids with organic and inorganic components in the water. In line with water consumption management, the usage of irrigation systems equipped with water cleanup systems increased the acceptance of these systems. In this research, a smart filter equipped with automatic self-cleaning technology was constructed.

Material and methods

After designing the filter and considering the parameters affecting its design, the filter was manufactured based on the standard (ISO 18471:2020). The designed filter was installed and the initial problems were solved by starting it up. Then mesh number one was placed inside the filtration chamber. The experimental of this research in the form of a factorial test based on a completely randomized design with three factors working pressure at 3 levels (100, 200, and 300 kPa), water quality at 3 levels (4%, 8%, and 12%) and the diameter of filter openings at three levels (0.1, 0.2, and 0.25 mm) with three repetitions in controlled laboratory conditions. The characteristics of the total volume of water used for washing and the quality of filtered water were measured.

Results and discussion

The pressure difference between the inlet and outlet in the constructed filter has a continuous trend that is gradually increasing. According to the gradual process of increasing the pressure difference during the filtration process, the state of the working pressures set for the filtration process is divided into three stages (the first stage: the start of the filtration process until the first milestone of the pressure difference, the second stage: the first milestone of the pressure difference until the second milestone The pressure difference and the third stage: the second turning point of the pressure difference to the end of the filter operation pressure) is divided. Based on the pressure curve during the filtration process, in the control unit of the system, the first point of pressure difference (100 kPa) was used to start the washing process. The amount of water consumed will be higher for samples containing large amounts of impurities and filters with larger aperture diameters, and using filters with smaller aperture diameters and considering low operating pressure can reduce the amount of water consumed for washing. The results showed that the best quality of purified water (96.3%) and the lowest amount of water used for washing occurred (21.2 L) at a working pressure of 100 kPa, although this has increased the number of filter washing times. Setting the washing process at the beginning of the first point of pressure deviation causes a high amount of water to be purified in each cycle. According to the results, the number of suspended solids in the water will be effective on the quality of purified water and the amount of water used for washing.

Conclusions

Setting up the working pressure unit of the smart filter control unit within 100 kPa and using a net with an opening diameter of 0.1 mm reduces the amount of water used to wash (79%) and increases the quality of the treated water (90%), which will allow the use of waters containing large amounts of suspended soluble solid materials.

References

Bounoua, S., Tomas, S., Labille, J., Molle, B., Granier, J., Haldenwang, P. & Izzati, S. N. (2016). Understanding physical clogging in drip irrigation: in situ, in-lab and numerical approaches. Irrigation Science, 34 (4), 327–342.
Bové, J., Arbat, G., Duran-Ros, M., Pujol, T., Velayos, J., de Cartagena, F. R. & Puig-Bargués, J. (2015). Pressure drop across sand and recycled glass media used in micro irrigation filters. Biosystems Engineering, 137, 55–63.
Brouckaert, M.B. (2004). Hydrodynamic detachment of deposited particles in fluidized bed filter backwashing. In Dissertation degree. Ph. D: Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Theses and Dissertations.
Cescon, A. & Jiang, J.Q. (2020). Filtration Process and Alternative Filter Media Material in Water Treatment. Water, 12, 1-30.
De Deus, F.P., Mesquita, M., Ramirez, J. C. S., Testezlaf, R. & Almeida, R.C.d. (2020a). Hydraulic characterisation of the backwash process in sand filters used in micro irrigation. Biosystem Engineering, (192), 188-198.
De Deus, F.P., Mesquitab, M., Testezlaf, R., Almeida, R.C., Fonseca, H. & Oliveira, E. (2020b). Methodology for hydraulic characterization of the sand filter backwashing processes used in micro irrigation. MethodsX, Vol (7), 1-10.
De Vito, R., Pagano, A, Portoghese, I., Giordano, R., Vurro, M. & Fratino, U., (2019). Integrated approach for supporting sustainable water resources management of irrigation based on the WEFN framework. Water Resources Management, 33(4), 1281–1295.
Dziubak, T. & Boruta, G.  (2021). Experimental and Theoretical Research on Pressure Drop Changes in a Two-Stage Air Filter Used in Tracked Vehicle Engine. Separations, 8(71), 3-26.
Ferrer, E. & Willden, R.H.J. (2011). A high order Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element solver for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, Computers & Fluids, 46, 224–230.
ISO 18471:2020, Agricultural irrigation equipment Filters Verification of filtration grade.
Graciano-Uribe, J., Pujol, T., Puig-Bargués, J., Duran-Ros, M., Arbat, G.  & Ramírez de Cartagena, F. (2021). Assessment of Different Pressure Drop-Flow Rate Equations in a Pressurized Porous Media Filter for Irrigation Systems. Water, 13(16), 2719.
Kulmatov, R., Mirzaev, J., Abuduwaili, J. & Karimov, B. (2020). Challenges for the sustainable use of water and land resources under a changing climate and increasing salinization in the Jizzakh irrigation zone of Uzbekistan. Journal of Arid Land, 12 (1), 90–103.
Liu, C., Wang, R., Wang, W., Hu, X., Wu, W. & Liu F. (2022). Different Irrigation Pressure and Filter on Emitter Clogging in Drip Phosphate Fertigation Systems. Water, 14(6), 2-18.
Lopes Muniz, G., Loureiro Gonçalves Oliveira, A., Geralda Benedito, M., Duarte Cano, N., Pires de Camargo, A., & José da Silva, A. (2023). Risk Evaluation of Chemical Clogging of Irrigation Emitters via Geostatistics and Multivariate Analysis in the Northern Region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Water, 15(4), 1-21.
Mesquita, M., Testezlaf, R. & Ramirez, J.C.S. (2012). The effect of media bed characteristics and internal auxiliary elements on sand filter head loss. Agricultural Water Management, Vol (115), 178– 185.
Milstein, A. & Feldlite, M. (2015). Particle circulation in irrigation reservoirs: The role of filter backwash reject on filter clogging. Agricultural Water Management, Vol (158), 139–144.
Qiangqiang, L., Quanli, Z., Zhenji, L. & Jun, L. (2014). Experiment and calculation of discharge time for horizontal type self-cleaning screen filter. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering, 32(12), 1098– 1104.
Ramachandrula, V.R. & Kasa, R. R. (2022). Prevention and treatment of drip emitter clogging: a review of various innovative methods. Water Practice & Technology, Vol 17(10), 2059-2070.
Saparuddin, S. & Eisenring, M.P. (2019). Experiments determining the height of the pressure and the time required to clean the water purification filter. MATEC Web of Conferences, 276: 1-7.
Sahin, U.; Tunc, T.; Ero ̆glu, S. (2012). Evaluation of CaCO3 Clogging in Emitters with Magnetized Saline Waters. Desalin. Water Treat. 40, 168–173
Shi, K., Liu, Z., Xie Y. & Li, M. (2021). Study on optimal start-up time and water usage volume of blowdown residue discharge of mesh filter. Water Supply, Vol (21.6), 2904-2915. 
Tafarojnoruz, A. & Lauria, A. (2020). Large eddy simulation of the turbulent flow field around a submerged pile within a scour hole under current condition. Coast. Eng. J, 62, 489–503.
Tyagi, Sh., Sharma, B., Singh, P., Dobha, R. (2013). Water Quality Assessment in Terms of Water Quality Index. American Journal of Water Resources, Vol. 1, No. 3, 34-38.
Vieira, A. S., Weeber M. & Ghisi, E. (2013). Self-cleaning filtration: A novel concept for rainwater harvesting systems. Resources. Conservation and Recycling, 78(2013), 67–73.
Yinnian, H. & Yanren, H. (2011). Galerkin and subspace decomposition methods in space and time for the Navier–Stokes equations, Nonlinear Analysis, vol. 74, 3218–3231.
Yavuz, M.Y., Demırel, K., Erken, O., Bahar, E. & Devecıler, M. (2010). Emitter clogging and effects on drip irrigation systems performances. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5 (7), 532-538.
Zong, Q. L., Zheng, T. G., Liu, H. F. & Li, C.J. (2015). Development of head loss equations for self-cleaning screen fil- ters in drip irrigation systems using dimensional analysis. Biosystems Engineering, 133, 116– 127.
Zong, Q., Liu, Z., Liu, H. & Yang, H.  (2019). Backwashing performance of self-cleaning screen filters in drip irrigation systems. PLos ONE, 14(12), 1-18.
Abbasi, F., Sohrab, F. & Abbasi, N. (2017). Evaluation of Irrigation Efficiencies in Iran. Irrigation and Drainage Structures Engineering Research, 17(67), 113-128. (In Persian)
Alizadeh, A. (2017) Design of pressurized irrigation systems (6nd Ed.). Iran: Imam Reza University Publications. (In Persian) 
Ghaffari, M., Soltani, J., Akbari, M. & Rahimikhobe, A. (2015). Evaluation technical and operation of disc filters of filtration equipment on the micro irrigation systems. Journal of Water and Irrigation Management, 5(1), 1, 1-9. (In Persian)
Roshani, A., saraei Tabrizi, M. & mohamadian khorasani, SH. (2018). Evaluation of the performance of self-cleaning filters in drip irrigation filtration to improve irrigation management in farms. In: Proceedings of The third national conference on farm water management, 26-27 Feb., Soil & water research institute. Karaj. Iran, pp. 1-8. (In Persian)
ShariaatiFar, m. (2003). Iran National Standards Organization. Industrial Research and Training Center of Iran (In Persian)
Tafteh, A., Emdad, M.R & Ghalebi, S. (2018).  Determination of the best situation of border irrigation for increasing application Efficiency using SRFR model. Irrigation & Water Engineering, 30(8), 200-210. (In Persian)
Iranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering
Volume 54, Issue 1
March 2023
Pages 1-16

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 25 July 2022
  • Revise Date: 29 July 2023
  • Accept Date: 02 September 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics