فعال‌سازی ترکیبات نیترو-هیومیکی از لیگنایت با استفاده از فرآیند نیترو-هیومیفیکاسیون در فاز جامد به‌کمک غنی‌سازی نیتروژن و اکسیداسیون ازن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکدگان ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکدگان ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکدگان ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

4 دانش‌آموخته دکتری، گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکدگان ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

5 گروه مهندسی مکانیک ماشین‌های کشاورزی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

در این پژوهش، فرآیند نیترو-هیومیفیکاسیون در فاز جامد جهت فعال‌سازی ترکیبات نیترو-هیومیکی لیگنایت با فرآوری متوالی دو مرحله‌ای به‌کمک غنی‌سازی نیتروژن (استفاده از معرف‌های پتاسیم هیدروکسید و اوره به‌ترتیب به‌عنوان عامل فعال‌ساز هیومیک اسید و غنی‌ساز نیتروژن) و اکسیداسیون ازن در یک راکتور بستر ثابت توسعه داده شد. تغییرات در عناصر اصلی، شاخص طیفی هیومیفیکاسیون (E4/E6)، عامل‌سازی سطح و ویژگی‌های بافتی ساختار به‌ترتیب با آنالیز CHNOS، طیف‌سنجی‌ فرابنفش-نور مرئی (UV-VIS)، تبدیل فوریه مادون قرمز (FT-IR)‌ و آنالیز سطح ویژه مبتنی بر مدل‌های BET، BJH و t-plot بررسی شد. نتایج نشان از افزایش در بازده ترکیبات هیومیکی محلول در قلیا و آب به‌ترتیب 25/2 و 94/2 برابر نسبت به روش مرسوم استخراج قلیایی داشت. یک کاهش 5/14 درصدی در محتوای کربن ناشی از اکسیداسیون ازن همراه با 15/8 درصد غنی‌سازی نیتروژن حاصل از پیش‌فرآوری اوره منجر به نسبت ایده‌آل هیومیفیکاسیون (C/N) تا مقدار 6/5 درصد و افزایش درجه اکسیداسیون (O/C) تا مقدار 94/0 شد. همچنین نسبت E4/E6 تا مقدار 8/6 و شاخص شوری 21/46 درصد برای ترکیبات نیترو-هیومیکی در سطح مطلوبی قرار داشت. تجزیه پیوندهای دوگانه کربن‌های آروماتیک و تبدیل مؤثر نیتروژن به فرم‌های نیتروژن آمید و آلی پیوندی در اثر اکسیداسیون ازن به‌خوبی توسط آنالیز عنصری CHNOS و طیف‌سنجی FT-IR به اثبات رسید. در اثر اکسیداسیون ازن، منافذ اصلی در لیگنایت عمدتا به مزوحفره تبدیل شد. به‌طور کلی، نتایج نشان داد که اکسیداسیون ازن علاوه بر افزایش تولید و کیفیت ترکیبات نیترو-هیومیکی، محصول نهایی را از یک ارزش رقابتی و قیمت کمتری نسبت به سایر کودهای هیومیکی نیتروژنی تجاری برخوردار می‌سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Activation of Nitro-Humic Substances from Lignite using Solid-Phase Nitro-Humification Process Assisted by Nitrogen Enrichment and Ozone Oxidation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ehsan Sarlaki 1
  • Mohammad Hossein Kianmehr 2
  • Ali Mashaallah Kermani 3
  • Marzieh Ghorbani 4
  • Mortaza Aghbashlo 5
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Full Professor,, Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor,, Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
4 Former Ph.D. Student, Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
5 Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

: In this work, solid-phase nitro-humification process was developed to activation of lignitic nitro-humic substances (NHSs) by using the two-step sequential treatment assisted by nitrogen enrichment (using KOH and urea as a humic acid activator and a nitrogen enrichment agent, respectively) and ozone oxidation in fixed-bed reactor. The changes in main elements, spectral index of humification (E4/E6), surface functionalization, and textural properties were determined by CHNOS analysis, ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and specific surface area (SSA) analysis based on BET, BJH and t-plot models, respectively. The results revealed the increasing 2.25 and 2.94-folds on the yield of alkali and water-soluble NHSs, respectively, compared to the conventional alkaline extraction method. A 14.5% reduction in the carbon content owing to ozone oxidation and 8.15% nitrogen enrichment resulting from urea pretreatment led to an ideal humification ratio (C/N ratio=5.6) and a higher degree of oxidation (O/C ratio=0.94). Also, E4/E6 ratio up to 6.8 and salt index of 46.2% for NHSs were at an acceptable level. The decomposition of double bonds of aromatic carbons and the effective transformation of nitrogen into amide and organic nitrogen forms due to ozone oxidation were well proven by elemental analysis of CHNOS and FT-IR spectroscopy. As a result of ozone oxidation, the main pores in lignite were mainly turned into mesopores. Collectively, the results demonstrated that ozone oxidation, in addition to enhancing the yield and quality of NHSs, provide an end product with a competitive value and a lower price than other commercial nitrogenous humic fertilizers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lignite
  • Nitro-humic substances
  • Ozone oxidation
  • Solid-phase activation
  • Urea

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مهندسی بیوسیستم ایران
دوره 53، شماره 3
مهر 1401
صفحه 289-309

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 14 اردیبهشت 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 31 شهریور 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 30 آذر 1401

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