Energy and economic assessment of biodiesel production from olive pomace oil: a lifecycle approach

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MSc graduated, Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Tarbiat Modares University, Mechanical Engineering, Jalal ale Ahmad highway, Tehran, Iran

4 Professor, Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

5 Associate Professor, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

The aims of this study were to assess the energy and economic flows of biodiesel production from olive pomace oil using transesterification method with ultrasound waves. For this purpose biodiesel production from this feedstock were examined through a life-cycle process with considering five main stages of agricultural production, transportation, olive oil extraction, pomace oil extraction and biodiesel production. The results revealed that total energy input were 2601.91 and 3805.04 MJ/ha based on mass-based allocation and economic-based allocation model, respectively. Total energy output (biodiesel as the final outcome) was found to be as 34898.36 MJ/ha. Some energy indicators for production of biodiesel include: energy efficiency, energy productivity, net energy and fossil energy ratio (FER), which were 1.34-0.92 (with no unit), 0.04-0.03 l/MJ, 1413.50-(-) 315.68 MJ/ha, 1(with no unit), respectively for mass-based and economic-based allocation. The share of indirect energy and non-renewable energy were higher than the share of direct energy and renewable energy. Analysis of economic performance indicates that total production value, gross return, net return, benefit to cost (ratio) and productivity were 3.24 million Rial/ha, 1.02 million Rial/ha, 1.01 million Rial/ha, 1.45 (with no unit) and 48.43 l/ million Rial respectively.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Amigun, B., Müller-Langer, F., Von Blottnitz, H. )2008(. Predicting the costs of biodiesel production in Africa: learning from Germany. Energy for Sustainable Development, 12, 5-21.
Chen, H., Chen, G. (2011). Energy cost of rapeseed-based biodiesel as alternative energy in China. Renewable energy, 36, 1374-1378.
De Graaff, J., Eppink, L. (1999). Olive oil production and soil conservation in southern Spain, in relation to EU subsidy policies. Land use policy, 16, 259-267.
De Souza, S.P., Pacca, S., De Avila, M.T., Borges, J.L.B. (2010). Greenhouse gas emissions and energy balance of palm oil biofuel. Renewable energy, 35, 2552-2561.
Dorado, M., Ballesteros, E., Arnal, J., Gomez, J., Lopez, F. (2003). Exhaust emissions from a Diesel engine fueled with transesterified waste olive oil. Fuel, 82, 1311-1315.
Enweremadu, C., Mbarawa, M. (2009). Technical aspects of production and analysis of biodiesel from used cooking oil—A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13, 2205-2224.
Fayyazi, E., Ghobadian, B., Najafi, G., Hosseinzadeh, B. (2014). Genetic Algorithm Approach to Optimize Biodiesel Production by Ultrasonic System. Chemical Product and Process Modeling, 9: 59-70.
Ghobadian, B., Khatamifar, M. (2005). Producing Biodiesel from Waste Edible Oils. Proceedings of the 2nd National Conference on Agricultural Products Losses. 14-17 Oct., Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran.
Ghobadian, B., Rahimi, H. (2004). Biofuels-past, present and future perspective. International Iran and Russian congress of agricultural and natural science. Shahre cord university. Shahre cord. Iran.
Guzmán, G.I., Alonso, A.M. (2008). A comparison of energy use in conventional and organic olive oil production in Spain. Agricultural Systems, 98, 167-176.
Heidari, M.D., Omid, M., Mohammadi, A. (2012). Measuring productive efficiency of horticultural greenhouses in Iran: A data envelopment analysis approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 39, 1040-1045.
Hingu, S.M., Gogate, P.R. and Rathod, V.K. (2010). Synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using sonochemical reactors. Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 17: 827-832.
J. Guinée. (2001). Handbook on life cycle assessment—operational guide to the ISO standards. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 6: 255-255.
 Janulis, P. (2004). Reduction of energy consumption in biodiesel fuel life cycle. Renewable energy, 29, 861-871.
Ji, J., Wang, J., Li, Y ,.Yu, Y. and Xu, Z. (2006). Preparation of biodiesel with the help of ultrasonic and hydrodynamic cavitation.Ultrasonics, 44: 411-414.
Kaltsas, A.M., Mamolos, A.P., Tsatsarelis, C.A., Nanos, G.D., Kalburtji, K.L. (2007). Energy budget in organic and conventional olive groves. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 122, 243-251.
Kitani, O. (1999). CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering, vol. V, Energy and Biomass Engineering. St Joseph, MI:. ASAE publication.
Knothe, G., Van Gerpen, J.H., Krahl, J. (2005). The biodiesel handbook. AOCS press Champaign, IL.
Krohn, B.J., Fripp, M. (2012). A life cycle assessment of biodiesel derived from the “niche filling” energy crop camelina in the USA. Applied Energy, 92, 92-98.
Levington. (2000). Energy balances in the growth of oilseed rape for biodiesel and of wheat for bioethanol. Levington agriculture report for the British Association for biofuels and oils.
Ma, F., Hanna, M.A. (1999). Biodiesel production: a review. Bioresource technology, 70, 1-15.
Malek, F. (2000) Edible vegetable fats and oils. Tehran: Farhang and ghalam Pub. (In Farsi)
Mohammadi, A., Rafiee, S., Mohtasebi, S.S., Rafiee, H. (2010). Energy inputs–yield relationship and cost analysis of kiwifruit production in Iran. Renewable energy, 35, 1071-1075.
Mohammadshirazi, A. (2012) Input-output energy and economic analysis of producing biodiesel from wasted edible oils. M.S. thesis, University of Tehran. (In Farsi)
Mohammadshirazi, A., Akram, A., Rafiee, S., Mousavi Avval, S.H., Bagheri Kalhor, E. (2012). An analysis of energy use and relation between energy inputs and yield in tangerine production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, 4515-4521.
Pishgar-Komleh, S.H., Omid, M., Heidari, M.D. (2013). On the study of energy use and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions in greenhouse cucumber production in Yazd province. Energy, 59, 63-71.
Pradhan, A., Shrestha, D., McAloon, A., Yee, W., Haas, M., Duffield, J., Shapouri, H. (2009). Energy life-cycle assessment of soybean biodiesel. Agricultural Economic Report.
Redel-Macías, M., Hervás-Martínez, C., Pinzi, S., Gutiérrez, P., Cubero-Atienza, A., Dorado, M. (2012). Noise prediction of a diesel engine fueled with olive pomace oil methyl ester blended with diesel fuel. Fuel, 98, 280-287.
Sheehan, J., Camobreco, V., Duffield, J., Graboski, M., Shapouri, H. (1998). Life cycle inventory of biodiesel and petroleum diesel for use in an urban bus. Final report. National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (US).
Singh, S., Mittal, J. (1992). Energy in production agriculture. Mittal Publications.
Stavarache ,C., Vinatoru, M., Maeda, Y. and Bandow, H. (2007). Ultrasonically driven continuous process for vegetable oil transesterification. Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 14:413-417.
Tabatabaie, S.M.H., Rafiee, S., Keyhani, A. (2012). Energy consumption flow and econometric models of two plum cultivars productions in Tehran province of Iran. Energy, 44, 211-216.
Teixeira, L.S.G., Assis, J.C.R., Mendonça, D.R., Santos, I.T.V., Guimarães, P.R.B, Pontes, L.A.M. and Teixeira, J.S.R. (2009). Comparison between conventional and ultrasonic preparation of beef tallow biodiesel. Fuel Processing Technology, 90: 1164-1166.
Iranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering
Volume 46, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
October 2015
Pages 209-218

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 19 January 2015
  • Revise Date: 08 March 2016
  • Accept Date: 21 April 2015

Share

How to cite

Statistics