Energy and environmental life cycle assessment of canola production in Mazandaran province of Iran by applying two different approaches

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Student, Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

Abstract

The objectives of this study at the first step are to analyze energy consumption and economical profitability in canola production in Mazandaran province of Iran and then to investigate environmental emissions of the production using life cycle assessment methodology. At the next step, the corresponding coefficients are applied to investigate environmental indices in canola production. Required data were obtained through interviews with farmers in the counties of Sari, Neka and Behshahr in the province. For investigating environmental emissions Impact 2002+ was applied and a single score was obtained. Then the coefficients were applied. The results revealed that there was no difference between the two methods and the results was completely same.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Beheshti Tabar, I., Keyhani, A. & Rafiee, S. (2010). Energy balance in Iran's agronomy (1990-2006). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14, 849-855.
Bozoglu, M. & Ceyhan, V. (2009). Energy conversion efficiency of trout and sea bass production in the Black Sea, Turkey. Energy 34, 199-204.
Canakci, M. & Akinci, I. (2006). Energy use pattern analyses of greenhouse vegetable production. Energy 31, 1243-1256.
Canakci, M., Topakci, M., Akinci, I. & Ozmerzi, A. (2005). Energy use pattern of some field crops and vegetable production: Case study for Antalya Region, Turkey. Energy Conversion and Management 46, 655-666.
Cederberg, C. & Mattsson, B. (2000). Life cycle assessment of milk production -- a comparison of conventional and organic farming. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 49-60.
Cellura, M., Longo, S. & Mistretta, M. (2012). Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of protected crops: an Italian case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 28, 56-62.
Ekvall, T. (1999). Key methodological issues for life cycle inventory analysis of paper recycling. Journal of Cleaner Production 7, 281-294.
Ghosh, N. (2004). Reducing Dependence on Chemical Fertilizers and its Financial Implications for Farmers in India. Ecological Economics 49, 149-162.
Harding, K.G., Dennis, J.S., von Blottnitz, H. &, Harrison, S.T.L. (2008). A life-cycle comparison between inorganic and biological catalysis for the production of biodiesel. Journal of Cleaner Production 16, 1368-1378.
Hart, A., Clift, R., Riddlestone, S. & Buntin, J. (2005). Use of Life Cycle Assessment to Develop Industrial Ecologies—A Case Study: Graphics Paper. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 83, 359-363.
Hokazono, S. & Hayashi, K. (2012). Variability in environmental impacts during conversion from conventional to organic farming: a comparison among three rice production systems in Japan. Journal of Cleaner Production 28, 101-112.
Iriarte, A., Rieradevall, J. & Gabarrell, X. (2010). Life cycle assessment of sunflower and rapeseed as energy crops under Chilean conditions. Journal of Cleaner Production 18, 336-345.
Khoshnevisan, B., Rafiee, S., Omid, M., Mousazadeh, H. & Sefeedpari, P. (2013). Prognostication of environmental indices in potato production using artificial neural networks. Journal of Cleaner Production 52, 402-409.
Lal, R. (2004). Carbon emission from farm operations. Environment International 30, 981-990.
Mohammadi, A. (2014). Energy use optimization and environmental impacts reduction of main field crops production with mathematical programming approach: Case study from Golestan province. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi).
Mohammadi, A., Rafiee, S., Jafari, A., Keyhani, A., Mousavi-Avval, S.H. & Nonhebel, S. (2014). Energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of farming systems in north Iran. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 30, 724-733.
OECD. (2001). Improving The Environmental Performance of Agriculture: Policy Options And Market Approaches. Paris. OECD.
Rafiee, S., Mousavi Avval, S.H. & Mohammadi, A. (2010). Modeling and sensitivity analysis of energy inputs for apple production in Iran. Energy 35, 3301-3306.
Rebitzer, G., Ekvall, T., Frischknecht, R., Hunkeler, D., Norris, G., Rydberg, T. et al., (2004). Life cycle assessment: Part 1: Framework, goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, and applications. Environment International 30, 701-720.
Safa, M., Samarasinghe, S. & Mohssen, M. (2011). A field study of energy consumption in wheat production in Canterbury, New Zealand. Energy Conversion and Management 52, 2526-2532.
Sheikh Davoodi, M.J. & Houshyar, E. (2009). Energy Consumption of Canola and Sunflower Production in Iran. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmantal Science 6, 381-384.
Singh, S., Singh, S., Pannu, C.J.S. & Singh, J. (1999). Energy input and yield relations for wheat in different agro-climatic zones of the Punjab. Applied Energy 63, 287-298.
Thomassen, M.A., van Calker, K.J., Smits, M.C.J., Iepema, G.L. & de Boer, I.J.M. (2008). Life cycle assessment of conventional and organic milk production in the Netherlands. Agricultural Systems 96, 95-107.