نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه مهندسی ماشین‌های کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
2 استاد ، گروه مهندسی ماشین های کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
3 گروه مهندسی ماشین های کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Tehran, one of the largest and most populous cities in Iran, grapples with significant solid waste management challenges. The increasing population and the huge amount of waste generation necessitate robust and efficient waste management systems. Recognizing that effective waste management planning hinges on understanding the types and quantities of waste produced, this research delves into a quantitative and qualitative analysis of Tehran's solid waste. It also assesses the current state of Tehran's waste management system. By employing the LandGEM software, the study quantifies the methane and other pollutant emissions from the Aradkuh landfill between 2012 and 2021. Moreover, two energy recovery scenarios (sanitary landfill and incineration) are modeled to estimate energy generation potential and pollutant emissions over a ten-year period. The findings reveal that organic and food waste constitutes a substantial portion of Tehran's waste stream. Despite their potential for recovery and energy generation, these materials are predominantly landfilled without energy recovery, leading to the release of over 6,000 tons of methane and other pollutants into the atmosphere. Conversely, the analysis indicates that implementing sanitary landfill and incineration technologies could generate 459 and 468 kiloWatt-hours of energy per ton of waste, respectively, while preventing the release of over 90% of the greenhouse gases currently emitted from landfills.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
EXTENDED ABSTRACT
Tehran, Iran's capital and most populous city, faces significant challenges in waste management. The ever-increasing population and the resulting massive waste generation necessitate robust and efficient waste management systems. Effective waste management planning requires a thorough understanding of the quantity and quality of waste produced. The complex nature of waste management, including the selection of appropriate disposal options, makes it a challenging problem. The implementation of waste-to-energy technologies as a waste management strategy offers a promising avenue for energy recovery from waste. In addition to improving waste management systems, it can contribute to increasing access to renewable energy for the community.
This research conducted a statistical analysis of ten years' worth of waste generation data (2012-2021). The waste was subjected to physical and chemical characterization. The study also assessed the performance of Tehran's waste management system and quantified the gas emissions from the Aradkuh landfill using the LandGEM software. The study emphasizes the need for improved waste management practices, including the development and implementation of waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies to mitigate these issues. So, two scenarios for energy recovery from waste, sanitary landfill and incineration, were modeled to estimate the energy generation potential and pollutant emissions over a decade.
Annual waste generation varied over the ten-year period. The cumulative waste deposited at the Aradkuh landfill from 2012 to 2021 exceeded 59,000 metric tons. The analysis revealed that a significant portion (approximately 65%) of Tehran's waste is organic. Despite the potential for energy recovery from waste, most is currently landfilled, leading to uncontrolled emissions and environmental degradation The LandGEM model estimated that the landfill emitted over 16 million cubic meters of gas during this period, including approximately 10 million cubic meters of methane. These emissions pose significant environmental and health risks. In the first scenario evaluating the development of a sanitary landfill as a biochemical conversion plant, 459 kWh of energy was recovered per ton of input waste, with a methane equivalent carbon dioxide emission of 0.28 tons. In the second scenario, evaluating the development of an incinerator as a thermal conversion plant, 468 kWh of energy was recovered per ton of input waste, with a carbon dioxide emission of 0.56 tons.
The high levels of pollutant emissions from the Aradkuh landfill underscore the importance of transitioning to more sustainable waste management practices. By adopting waste-to-energy technologies, we can divert waste from landfills, preventing the release of approximately 6000 tons of methane and generating over 27,000 megawatt-hours of clean energy over a ten-year period. This would not only mitigate climate change but also contribute to a more sustainable future.
Conceptualization, M.Sh., E.M.Gh. and A.A.; methodology, E.M.Gh. and M.Sh.; software, E.M.Gh. and M.Sh.; validation, E.M.Gh., A.A. and M.Sh.; formal analysis, E.M.Gh. and M.Sh.; investigation, E.M.Gh., A.A. and M.Sh.; resources, E.M.Gh.; data curation, E.M.Gh. and M.Sh.; writing-original draft preparation, E.M.Gh. and M.Sh.; writing-review and editing, E.M.Gh., A.A. and M.Sh.; visualization, M.Sh., A.A.; supervision, M.Sh. and A.A.; project administration, M.Sh., E.M.Gh. and A.A.; funding acquisition, A.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.
The authors would like to thank Iran Renewable Energy Organization (SATBA) and Engineer Behrouz Dashti for his invaluable support. Additionally, the authors express their gratitude to the Waste Management Organization of Tehran Municipality for providing access to the necessary data.
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Tehran. authors avoided data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and misconduct.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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