نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشکده مهندسی ساخت و فناوریهای صنعتی، واحددزفول، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دزفول، ایران.
2 گروه مهندسی مکانیک، دانشکده مکانیک و صنایع کاربردی، دانشگاه ملی مهارت، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
This study investigates the simultaneous effect of bioethanol and iron oxide nanoparticles as fuel additives to diesel on the performance parameters and emission of a diesel engine. This ternary combination experimentally demonstrates the mechanism for improving combustion and simultaneously reducing key pollutants. The fuel blends consisted of diesel, bioethanol (0 to 12% by volume), and iron oxide nanoparticles (5-15 ppm). Experiments were conducted in the speed range of 1800 to 2600 rpm, and performance parameters (torque, power, specific fuel consumption) as well as emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides were measured. The results indicate an improvement in engine performance parameters due to better combustion, resulting from increased oxygen availability. Specifically, the power increase for the B12D88 fuel blend containing 15 ppm of nanoparticles compared to pure diesel fuel is 17.48%. Although the increase in bioethanol, due to its lower calorific value, led to a torque reduction of up to 8.8%, the presence of nanoparticles as a catalyst decreased the SFC by 22.1%, contrary to theoretical predictions. This ternary combination resulted in a reduction of CO by up to 33.3% and CO2 by up to 12.5%, while it did not have a significant effect on unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides. Based on the results, adding nanoparticles to diesel-bioethanol blends is an effective strategy for improving engine performance and reducing carbon monoxide emissions. Although its effect on nitrogen oxides is less significant, an optimal balance between performance and emissions can be achieved by optimizing the bioethanol ratio.
کلیدواژهها [English]
Fossil fuels continue to serve as the primary source of energy for engines and heat engines. However, the combustion of these fuels results in the emission of substantial quantities of pollutants, including nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and carbon dioxide (CO₂), which significantly contribute to air pollution and climate change. Bioethanol, as one of the most important renewable biofuels, is primarily produced through the fermentation of sugar and starch-based feedstocks. Its primary application is as a fuel or additive in internal combustion engines and fuel cells. In pursuit of enhancing the performance and reducing the emissions of these engines, nanotechnology has introduced novel and effective solutions through its capability to design and engineer materials at the atomic scale. Owing to their unique properties, such as an exceptionally high specific surface area and catalytic activity, nanoparticles can significantly enhance fuel efficiency and the combustion process. This study experimentally investigates the impact of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine operating with a diesel-ethanol blended base fuel. The innovation of this research lies in the simultaneous use of an oxygenate (ethanol) and a cost-effective nanocatalyst (iron oxide) to achieve more complete and cleaner combustion. This approach, in contrast to previous studies, focuses on providing a more practical and economical solution for the industry.
This study investigated the effects of fuel blends comprising diesel, bioethanol, and iron oxide nanoparticles on engine torque, power, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and exhaust emissions. The relevant data were measured using various fuel compositions on a single-cylinder, four-stroke engine (Model CT159). Prior to data collection, a comprehensive literature review was conducted, relevant standards were adhered to, diesel was blended with bioethanol according to specified percentages, and an appropriate experimental protocol was designed for data measurement. The independent variables in this study included various fuel blends of bioethanol (0-12%), diesel (88-100%), nanoparticles at concentrations of 5-15 ppm, and the engine speed parameter (ranging from 1800 to 2600 rpm). After setting the desired values of the independent parameters (inputs), such as engine speed and the different blends of diesel, bioethanol, and nanoparticles, tests were performed on the engine. The effects of these independent variables on the dependent variables—namely, engine torque, engine power, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and engine emissions—were then investigated.
The primary objective of this section is to present models for predicting engine performance indicators—including power, torque, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and exhaust emissions (CO, HC, CO₂, and NOx). To determine suitable mathematical models for predicting engine performance parameters—including power, torque, specific fuel consumption, and emissions—a comparative analysis was conducted among several candidate models.
The results indicated that the addition of bioethanol and nanoparticles increased the oxygen content and improved combustion quality, leading to enhanced output power and reduced brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC). However, a decrease in torque was observed at high speeds, which is attributable to the reduced volumetric efficiency and lower calorific value of bioethanol. On the other hand, the presence of nanoparticles facilitated more complete combustion, resulting in a significant reduction of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. In contrast, no significant impact on nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions was noted. The behavior of NOx emissions was complex, exhibiting a nonlinear trend with increasing engine speed and bioethanol percentage. In conclusion, integrating the findings of this study with previous research, it can be inferred that while the sole use of bioethanol may reduce certain performance parameters such as torque, its concurrent application with iron oxide nanoparticles as a catalyst can serve as an effective strategy for achieving an optimal balance between performance enhancement and emissions reduction in diesel engines.
All authors contributed equally to the conceptualization of the article and writing of the original and subsequent drafts.
Data available on request from the author.
It has no ethical considerations.
The author declare no conflict of interest
)