عوامل موثر بر برداشت ماشینی پسته در ایران (مطالعه موردی استان کرمان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی

2 گروه فنی و مهندسی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی کرمان

3 آموزشکده فنی و حرفه ای سما، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد رشت، رشت، ایران

چکیده

ایران بزرگترین تولیدکننده و صادرکننده پسته جهان است. از این رو، پایداری تولید این محصول استراتژیک از اهمیت ویژه­ای برخوردار است. هزینه­ بالای برداشت دستی پسته، درآمد پسته­کاران را کاهش داده و انگیزه تولید این محصول را با چالش جدی مواجه ساخته است. لذا در این تحقیق، عوامل موثر بر برداشت مکانیکی پسته در استان کرمان به عنوان قطب تولید این محصول در ایران، مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. بدین­منظور از روش دلفی در سه مرحله استفاده شد. دلفی یک فرآیند گروهی است که هدف از اجرای آن، کشف و جمع­آوری نظرات تخصصی گروهی از افراد مجرب و آگاه در یک زمینه تخصصی است. بر این اساس، 25 نفر از کارشناسان پسته و باغداران بزرگ پسته شهرستان­های رفسنجان و کرمان به عنوان اعضاء گروه تحقیق دلفی در نظر گرفته­شدند. نتایج نهایی تحقیق نشان داد عوامل "بهبود کارایی مصرف آب با حمایت از اجرای روش­های نوین آبیاری درختان پسته" و "تخصیص اعتبارات مناسب جهت فراگیرشدن برداشت مکانیکی پسته" به ترتیب با کسب 96 و 95 درصد از توافق اعضاء گروه تحقیق، اولین و دومین محرک­های توسعه برداشت مکانیکی پسته در استان کرمان بودند. همچنین، عوامل "اجرای طرح­های الگویی مکانیزاسیون برداشت پسته" و "ارائه سیاست­های تشویقی جهت توسعه برداشت مکانیکی در میان پسته­کاران استان کرمان" نیز با 91 درصد توافق، به طور مشترک در جایگاه دوم اولویت­های توسعه برداشت مکانیکی پسته در استان کرمان قرار گرفتند. بررسی موانع برداشت مکانیکی پسته نیز نشان داد که عوامل "نظام خرده­مالکی اغلب باغات پسته" و "تک­پایه یا تک­­تنه نبودن درختان پسته در منطقه" به ترتیب با درصد توافق 97 و 94 درصد در جایگاه­های اول و دوم جای گرفتند. بنابراین، حمایت مالی ویژه از پیاده­سازی شیوه­های کارآمد آبیاری، اصلاح و نوسازی باغات قدیمی و برپایی طرح­های الگویی برداشت مکانیکی پسته امری اجتناب­ناپذیر است. همچنین، تجمیع باغات پسته کوچک در قالب تعاونی­های کشاورزی به منظور افزایش توان مالی گروهی به عنوان پشتوانه اصلاح باغات قدیمی و تامین تجهیزات برداشت پسته از موارد ضروری به شمار می­روند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Agents Affecting the Mechanical Harvesting of Pistachio Nuts in Iran (Case Study of Kerman Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Firouzi 1
  • Mohammad Ali Rostami 2
  • Mohammad Javad Ramezani 1
  • Amir Hossein Bazyar 3
1 Department of Agronomy, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University
2 Department of Agricultural Engineering, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
3 Sama Technical and Vocational training College, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Iran is the world's largest pistachio producer and exporter. Hence, the sustainability of the production of this strategic product is of particular importance. The high cost of pistachio harvesting has reduced the income of pistachio growers and created a serious challenge to the motivation of producing the pistachios. So, in this research, the contributing factors of mechanical harvesting of pistachio nuts in Kerman Province as the pole of pistachio production in Iran were studied. For this purpose, the Delphi method was used in three stages. Accordingly, 25 experts of pistachio cultivation experts and big growers of Rafsanjan and Kerman cities were considered as the research panel of the study. The final results of the research showed that the factors "Improving water use efficiency by supporting the implementation of new methods for irrigation of pistachio trees" and "allocating suitable credits for the pistachio nuts harvesting" with 96.00% and 95.00% agreements of the research panel’s members were the first and second stimulants for the development of pistachio harvesting in Kerman Province. Also, the factors of "implementation of pattern projects for mechanized pistachio harvesting", and "Providing incentive policies for the development of mechanical harvesting among the pistachio growers" with 91.00% of the agreement, jointly ranked as the second priorities. Investigating the barriers to the mechanical harvesting of pistachio also showed that the factors of the "smallness of most pistachio gardens" and "not being single-base or single-nesting of pistachio trees in the region" with the 97.00% and 94.00% agreements got the first and second ranks, respectively. Therefore, special financial supports for implementation of efficient irrigation systems, modification and renovation of old gardens, and the establishments of pattern projects for mechanized pistachio harvesting are inevitable. Also, consolidation of small pistachio gardens in the form of agricultural cooperatives in order to increase the group's financial strength as a backbone for the modifying the old gardens and the provision of pistachio harvesting equipments are indispensable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agricultural mechanization
  • harvesting
  • harvesting machines
  • nuts

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مهندسی بیوسیستم ایران
دوره 49، شماره 2
تیر 1397
صفحه 237-248

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 تیر 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 آذر 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 دی 1396

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