ارزیابی اثرات زیست محیطی تولید کمپوست از پسماند جامد شهری با رویکرد ارزیابی چرخه زندگی‌ (مطالعه موردی: شهر رشت)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه مهندسی ماشین های کشاورزی دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه مهندسی ماشین های کشاورزی دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشجوی دکتری گروه مهندسی صنایع غذایی، کشاورزی و زیست شناسی، دانشگاه ایالتی اوهایو، ایالات متحده امریکا

چکیده

پسماند جامد شهری، به عنوان مواد دور ریز شناخته می‌شود و به طور روزافزون به این مواد در جهان اضافه می‌شود و سبب ایجاد مشکلات بیشتری از جمله آلودگی هوا و انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای در محیط زیست می‌شود. در نتیجه، نیاز به مدیریت درست و پایدار زباله توسط مدیران بیشتر احساس می‌شود. بر این اساس، تولید کمپوست، یکی از روش‌هایی است که علاوه بر کاهش آلایندگی، در کشاورزی نیز مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد. در شهر رشت نیز از روش تولید کمپوست برای مدیریت 400 تن زباله در روز بهره گرفته می‌شود. در فرایند تولید کمپوست، آلاینده‌هایی ایجاد می­شود که باعث اثرگذاری در محیط زیست می‌گردد. در این مطالعه، برای ارزیابی چرخه زندگی، از نرم افزار سیماپرو، از روش CML-IA baseline V3.04 / World 2000 استفاده شد و 11 بخش اثر بررسی گردید و در نهایت نتایج نرمال‌سازی و وزن‌دهی شدند. واحد کارکردی در این مطالعه 400 تن کمپوست تولیدی به ازای یک روز در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که مقدار پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی برابر 103×28/4 kgCO2 eq. می‌باشد و بیشترین سهم را در این بخش اثر، آلاینده‌های مستقیم و حمل ‌و ‌‌‌نقل دارند. همچنین نتایج پس از نرمال‌سازی نشان داد که تولید کمپوست از زباله بیشترین اثر را به ترتیب در سمیت آب‌های آزاد و سمیت انسان دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Environmental Impact Assessment of Compost Production from Municipal Solid Waste Using Life Cycle Assessment (Case Study: Rasht City)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Sharifi 1
  • Leyla Behrooznia 2
  • Seyed Hashem Mousavi-Avval 3
1 Associate Professor in Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 M.Sc. Student in Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Ph.D. Student in Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
چکیده [English]

Municipal solid waste, known as reject material, is increasingly being added to the world, causing more problems, such as air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions in the environment. As a result, the need for proper and sustainable waste management is felt more by managers. Accordingly, compost production is one of the methods used in agriculture in addition to reducing pollution. In Rasht, this method is used to manage 400 tonns of waste per day. In the process of composting, pollutants are created that affect the environment. In this study, the CML-IA baseline V3.04 / World 2000 method using SimaPro software was applied to evaluate the life cycle and 11 impact categories have been investigated and finally the results were normalized and weighed. The functional unit in this study was 400 tonnes of compost produced per day. The results showed that the global warming potential was calculated with 4.28×103 kgCO2 and the largest share in this section was due to direct emissions and transportation. Also, normalization results showed that compost production from waste had the most effect on marine aquatic ecotoxicity and human toxicity potential, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Global warming potential
  • greenhouse gas emissions
  • Environmental pollution
  • compost
Abduli, M.A., Naghib, A., Yonesi, M., Akbari, A. (2010). Life cycle assessment (LCA) of solid waste management strategies in Tehran: landfill and composting plus landfill. Environ Monit Assess, 178, 487–498.
Allegrini, E., Vadenbo, C., Boldrin, A., Astrup, T.F. (2015). Life cycle assessment of resource recovery from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash. J. Environ. Manag. 151, 132-143.
Ayer, N., Martin, S., Dwyer, R. L., Gace, L., & Laurin, L. (2016). Environmental performance of copper-alloy Net-pens: Life cycle assessment of Atlantic salmon grow-out in copper-alloy and nylon net-pens. Aquaculture, 453, 93-103.
Behrooznia, L., Sharifi, M., Alimardani, R., & Mousavi-Avval, S.H. (2018a). Sustainability analysis of landfilling and composting-landfilling for municipal solid waste management in the north of Iran. Journal of cleaner production. 203, 1028-1038.
Behrooznia, L., Sharifi, M., Mousavi-Avval, S.H. (2018b). Survey of Air Emissions from municipal Solid Waste Landfilling in Saravan, Rasht. 7th International Conference in Emerging Trends in Energy Conservation, Tehran, February 25-26, 2018.
Bovea, M.D., & Powell, J.C. (2005). Alternative scenario to meet the demands of sustainable waste management. Environmental Management, 79, 115-132.7.
Bueno, G., Latasa, I., Lozano, P. (2016). Comparative LCA of two approaches with different emphasis on energy or material recovery for a municipal solid waste management system in Gipuzkoa. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51, 449-59
Cerda, A., Artola, A., Font, X., Barrena, R., Gea, T., and Sánchez, A. (2018). Composting of food wastes: Status and challenges, Bioresour. Technol., 248, 57–67.
Fodor, Z., Klemeš, J.J. (2012). Waste as alternative fuel – minimising emissions and effluents by advanced design. Process Saf Environ Prot. 90(3), 263–84.
Gentil, E.C., Damgaard, A., Hauschild, M., Finnveden, G., Eriksson, O., Thorneloe, S., Kaplan, P.O., Barlaz, M., Muller, O., Matsui, E., Ii, R., Christensen, T.H. (2010). Models for waste life cycle assessment: review of technical assumptions. Waste Manage, 30, 2636– 48.
Guinée. J. B., Gorrée, M., Heijungs, R., Huppes, G., Kleijn, R., de Koning, A., van Oers, L., Wegener Sleeswijk, A., Suh, S., Udo de Haes, H. A., de Bruijn, H., van Duin, R., Huijbregts, M. A. J., Lindeijer, E., Roorda, A. A. H., Weidema, B. P. (2001). Life cycle assessment; An operational guide to the ISO standards; Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment (VROM) and Centre of Environmental Science (CML), Den Haag and Leiden, The Netherlands, 704 p.
Hong, J., Li, X., Zhaojie, C. (2010). Life cycle assessment of four municipal solid waste management scenarios in China. Waste Management, 30(11):2362-69.
ISO. (2006). ISO 14040 - Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Principles and Framework.
Kashefi-asl, M., Marandi, R., Afrasyabi, A.S. (2014). Comparison of municipal Solid Waste Treatments scenarios in terms of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Behragan area. Journal of Marine Science & Technology Research, Eighth, No. (In Farsi)
Khoshnevisan, B., Rafiee, S., Omid, M., Yousefi, M., & Movahedi, M. (2013). Modeling of energy consumption and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions in wheat production in Esfahan province of Iran using artificial neural networks. Energy, 52, 333-338.
Liamsanguan, C., Gheewala, S. (2007). Environmental assessment of energy production from municipal solid waste incineration. Int J Life Cycle Assess. 12, 529– 536.
Mirhaji, H., Khojastepour, M., Hossein-Abbaspourfard, M. (2014). Evaluation of environmental Impacts of wheat production in Marvdasht-Iran. Publishing at Journal of Natural Environment, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 66 (2), 223-232. (In Farsi)
Mousazadeh, H., Keyhani, A., Javadi, A., Mobli, H., Abrinia, K., Sharifi, A. (2011). Life-cycle assessment of a Solar Assist Plug-in Hybrid electric Tractor (SAPHT) in comparison with a conventional tractor. Energy Conversion and Management, 52(3), 1700-10.
Nasrollahi-Sarvaghaji, S. (2016). Feasibility and Study to Estimate the Minimum Cost and Emission of Environmental Pollutants from Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste with Composting Method by Using Operations Research Techniques in Tehran. M.Sc. thesis. Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
Nasrollahi-Sarvaghaji, S., Alimardani, R., Sharifi, M., Taghizadeh Yazdi, M. (2016). Comparison of the Environmental Impacts of Different Municipal Solid Waste Treatments using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (Case Study: Tehran). Ijhe,  9(2) :273-288.
Noor, Z.Z., Yusuf, RO., Abba, A.H., Abu-Hassan, M.A., Mohd-Din, M.F. (2013). An overview for energy recovery from municipal solid wastes (MSW) in Malaysia scenario. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 20, 378–84
Salehiyoun, A. R., Di Maria, F., Sharifi, M., Norouzi, O., Zilouei, H., & Aghbashlo, M. (2020). Anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and slaughterhouse waste in existing wastewater digesters. Renewable Energy145, 2503-2509.
Salehiyoun, A. R., Sharifi, M., Di Maria, F., Zilouei, H., & Aghbashlo, M. (2019). Effect of substituting organic fraction of municipal solid waste with fruit and vegetable wastes on anaerobic digestion. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management21(6), 1321-1331.
Skordilis, A. (2004). Modeling of integrated solid waste management systems in an island. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 41, 243-254, 6.
Statistics of waste management organization of Rasht, Rasht Waste Management Organization, Rasht, Iran. (2017). Website: http://www.rasht-bazyaft.ir
Talaiekhozani, A.R., Morudi, M., Darvar, P. (2016). Investigating emissions of carbon dioxide, Nonmethan organic gasses from landfills in Bandar Abbas. The 6th National and 1th International Conference of Applications of Chemistry in Advanced Technologies, 29 December, Isfahan, Iran. (In Farsi).