مدل‌سازی و بهینه‌سازی عملکرد خشک‌کن خلائی- مادون‌قرمز در فرآیند تولید قرص فشرده گوجه‌فرنگی: خواص شیمیایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان

2 گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

3 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان

چکیده

در این پژوهش شرایط بهینه خشک‌کردن قرص فشرده گوجه­فرنگی تحت شرایط خلائی مادون­قرمز به منظور تولید قرص با خواص کیفی و شیمیایی مناسب تعیین شد. محتوای لیکوپن، فنل کل، غلظت ویتامین ث و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی به عنوان خواص شیمیایی و شاخص­های رنگی ∆L*، ∆a*و b*∆ به عنوان خواص کیفی مطالعه شدند. فرآیند خشک­کردن نمونه‌ها در پنج سطح دمایی 40، 50، 60، 70 و °C 80 و پنج سطح فشار خلأ 20، 30، 40، 50 و kPa 60 صورت گرفت. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده‌ها و بهینه‌سـازی فرآیند خشک­کردن با استفاده از روش سطح پاسخ انجام شدند. نتایج نشان داد که در خشک­کردن به شیوه خلائی- مادون‌قرمز، با افزایش دمای هوای محفظه خشک­کن، غلظت ویتامین ث و محتوای فنل کل قرص گوجه­فرنگی، کاهش و محتوای لیکوپن و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی قرص گوجه­فرنگی افزایش یافت. هم­چنین، افزایش دما سبب افزایش اختلاف بیشتر بین شاخص‌های رنگ L* و a* و کاهش اختلاف بین شاخص رنگ b* قرص نسبت به گوجه‌فرنگی تازه شد. نقطه بهینه فرآیند خشک­کردن قرص گوجه­فرنگی در دمای °C 56 و فشار خلاء kPa 30 به دست آمد. میزان کاهش غلظت ویتامین ث، محتوای لیکوپن و محتوای فنل کل قرص گوجه­فرنگی خشک­شده در حالت بهینه به ترتیب 3/54 ، 6/2 و 62/29 درصد بود. خشک­کردن تحت دمای پایین‌تر سبب افزایش شاخص مطلوبیت مدل بدست آمده از روش سطح پاسخ گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Modeling and Optimization of Vacuum-infrared Dryer Performance in Production Process of Tomato Compressed Tablet: Chemical Properties

نویسندگان [English]

  • Manouchehr Rashidi 1
  • Reza Amiri Chaijan 2
  • Ahmad Ershadi 3
  • Ali Ghasemi 1
1 Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
3 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In this study, optimum drying conditions of compressed tablet tomato under vacuum-infrared conditions were determined to produce tablet with appropriate chemical and qualitative properties. The content of lycopene, total phenol, vitamin C concentration, antioxidant activity as chemical properties and color indices ΔL*, Δa* and Δb* were studied as qualitative properties. Drying process of samples was performed at five levels of air temperature of the compartment 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C and five vacuum pressures 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kPa. Statistical analysis of data and optimization of drying process were performed using response surface methodology. The results showed that in vacuum-infrared drying, as the temperature of the dryer chamber increased, the concentration of vitamin C and total phenol content of tomato tablet decreased and lycopene content and antioxidant activity of tomato tablet increased. Also, increasing temperature increased the difference between the color indices L* and a* and reduced the difference between the color index b* compared to fresh tomatoes. The optimum point the drying process of tomato tablet was obtained at 56 °C and vacuum pressure of 30 kPa. The reduction rates of vitamin C concentration, lycopene content, and total phenol content of dried tomato tablets in optimal condition were 54.3, 2.6 and 29.62 percent, respectively. Drying at lower temperature increased the model's desirability index obtained by response surface methodology.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tableting
  • Vacuum dryer
  • vitamin C
  • lycopene

 

 
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