ارزیابی چرخه زندگی و بهینه‌سازی مصرف انرژی در تولید نخود دیم در استان آذربایجان غربی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات فنی مهندسی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان غربی، ارومیه ، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان غربی،سازمان تحقیقات ،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،ارومیه،ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات ماشین‌های کشاورزی و مکانیزاسیون مؤسسه فنی مهندسی کشاورزی کرج، کرج، ایران

چکیده

این مطالعه در سال زراعی 1398 در استان آذربایجان غربی با هدف بهینه‌سازی مصرف انرژی، ارزیابی چرخه زندگی نخود و کاهش آلایندگی در مزارع کوچک (کوچک‌تر مساوی 2 هکتار)، متوسط (بین 2 تا 4 هکتار) و بزرگ (بزرگ‌تر از 4 هکتار) اجرا شد. داده‌های موردنیاز به روش مصاحبه رو در رو با کشاورزان و پر کردن تعداد 250 پرسشنامه تخصصی گردآوری و به روش تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که کل انرژی نهاده‌های مصرف‌شده برای تولید نخود در مزارع کوچک، متوسط و بزرگ به ترتیب 6366، 6048 و 6848 مگاژول بر هکتار بود و مزارع بزرگ دارای بیشترین مصرف انرژی بودند. در همه سطوح مزارع، بیشترین سهم انرژی‌های مصرفی مربوط به سوخت دیزل بود. نسبت انرژی مزارع کوچک، متوسط و بزرگ به ترتیب برابر 47/2، 49/2 و 13/2 به‌دست آمد. نتایج ارزیابی چرخه زندگی نخود روشن کرد که در همه بخش‌های اثر، آلایندگی زیست‌محیطی در مزارع با اندازه متوسط نسبت به اندازه‌های کوچک و بزرگ کمتر بود. نهاده‌های بذر، سوخت دیزل و ماشین‌های کشاورزی بیشترین سهم را در انتشار شاخص‌های زیست‌محیطی داشتند.‏ طبق نتایج بهینه‌سازی مصرف انرژی، میانگین کارایی انرژی در مزارع کوچک، متوسط و بزرگ به ترتیب 93%، 88% و %90 بود که نشان می‌دهد کشاورزان مزارع کوچک از روش‌های صحیح تولید آگاهی بیشتری داشته و یا نهاده‌های مختلف را در زمان مناسب‌تر و به مقدار بهینه‌تری استفاده کرده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Life Cycle Assessment and Energy Consumption Optimization in Rainfed Chickpea West Azarbayjan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • omid ghaderpour 1
  • Karim Gerami 2
  • elyas dehghan 3
1 Engineering Technical Research Department, Agricultural Research Centers of West Azarbayejan,Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Urmia, Iran
2 Agricultural Research Centers of West Azarbayejan,Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Urmia, Iran
3 Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization Research Department of Karaj Agricultural Engineering Technical Institution, karaj, iran
چکیده [English]

This study was conducted in West Azarbayjan province in the crop year 2019 With the aim of rainfed chickpea life cycle assessment and energy consumption optimization and emissions reduction in small farms (equals smaller than 2 hectares), medium farms (between 2 and 4 hectares) and large farms (larger than 4 hectares). Required data, were obtained through face-to-face interviews with farmers and filling out 250 Specialized questionnaires and were evaluated by data envelopment analysis method. Results indicated that total input energy for chickpea production in small, medium and large farms was 6366, 6048 and 6848 MJ.ha1-, respectively and the maximum energy consumption was related to large farms. The largest share of consumption energy was related to diesel fuel at all farm levels. The energy ratio in small, medium and large farms was obtained 2.47, 2.49 and 2.13, respectively. Chickpea life cycle assessment results revealed that environmental impacts on medium-sized farms were lower than small and large sizes in all effect sections. Seed, diesel fuel, and agricultural machinery inputs had the largest share in diffusion of environmental indexes. According to energy consumption optimization results, the average of energy efficiency in small, medium and large farms was 93%, 88% and 90%, respectively which demonstrates that farmers of small farms have more precise information about proper production methods or have used different inputs at better time and in a more optimal amount.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Farm size
  • Chickpea
  • Life Cycle Assessment
  • Energy Optimization
  • Data Envelopment Analysis
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