بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر پوست‌گیری سیب‌زمینی به روش تلفیقی مکانیکی و شیمیایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 1. دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مکانیک بیوسیستم، گروه ماشینهای کشاورزی و مکانیزاسیون ، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان،ملاثانی،

2 استادیار گروه ماشین های کشاورزی و مکانیزاسیون، دانشگاه منابع طبیعی و کشاورزی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

3 استادیار گروه ماشینهای کشاورزی و مکانیزاسیون، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

چکیده

سیب‌زمینی (Solanum tuberosum)  یکی از محصولات راهبردی است که در اغلب مناطق ایران کشت می‌شود. پوست‌گیری یکی از مراحل اولیه و مهم در فرآوری این محصول است. کیفیت و کمیت محصول فرآوری شده تحت تأثیر این مرحله می‌باشد. در این مطالعه، ابتدا دستگاه پوست‌گیری سیب‌زمینی به روش تلفیقی مکانیکی و شیمیایی طراحی و ساخته شد. دستگاه از قسمت‌های شاسی، موتور، استوانه پوست‌گیری، حمام محلول شیمیایی، سیستم انتقال نیرو و سه نوع تیغه تشکیل شده است. پس از ساخت دستگاه تأثیر عوامل نوع تیغه (چاقویی، سایشی و برسی)، میزان تغـذیه در چهار سطح 1، 2، 3 و 4 کیلوگرم و غلظت محلول شیمیایی هیدروکسید سدیم در چهار سطح 0، 1، 2 و 3 درصد روی میزان پوست گرفته شده و تلفات پوست‌گیری بررسی شد. آزمایش‏ها به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام گرفت. نتایج آزمایش‌ها نشان داد تأثیر نوع تیغه، میزان تغذیه و غلظت محلول شیمیایی و اثر متقابل آن‏ها بر درصد پوست گرفته شده و تلفات پوست‌گیری در سطح %1 معنی‏دار می­باشند. بیشترین میزان پوست‌گیری در تیغة برسی در میزان تغذیه‌ 1 کیلوگرم و غلظت محلول شیمیایی 3 درصد به دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد در هر سه نوع تیغه و در هر میزان تغذیه‏ای، با افزایش غلظت محلول شیمیایی هیدروکسید سدیم درصد پوست گرفته شده افزایش می‌یابد. به­طور­کلی مشخص شد تلفیق پوست‏گیری شیمیایی و مکانیکی باعث افزایش میزان پوست گرفته شده، کاهش تلفات و بهبود عملکرد دستگاه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the factors affecting the potato peeling machine, using a combination of mechanical and chemical methods

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa Rezaiemehr 1
  • Rasoul Meamar Dastjerdi 2
  • Mahdi Saadatfard 3
1 Former student of Biosystems Engineering Department, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
چکیده [English]

Potato )Solanum tuberosum (is one of the strategic products which is cultivated in most of the regions in Iran. Peeling is one of the primary processes of this product and plays an important role in other processing steps. In this research, a combination of mechanical and chemical potato peelers was designed and manufactured. The peeler consists of a chasse, a motor, a power transfer system, and a drum equipped with three types of blades. Various experiments were carried out to determine the amount of losses and performance evaluation. The experiment was performed at three levels of blade type (knife, brush and carborundum type), four levels of feed rate (1, 2, 3 and 4 kg) and four levels of concentration of the chemical solution (0, 1, 2 and 3%, w/w). The experiment was factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The results of the experiments showed that the effects of blade type, feed rate, and concentration of the chemical solution on the amount of losses and performance evaluation were significant (p>0.01). Maximum rate of peeling was achieved by applying the brush-type blade with a 1 kg feed rate and the 3% concentration of the chemical solution. The results showed that in all three types of blades and at each feed rate, the percentage of peeling increases with the increase in the concentration of sodium hydroxide chemical solution. Also, it was found that the combined chemical and mechanical peeling increases peeling, reduce the peeling losses, and improves the performance of the device.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • peeling
  • potato
  • blades
  • chemical solution
  • performance
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