اثرات زیست‌محیطی تولید هندوانه در استان گیلان به روش ارزیابی چرخه حیات

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد مدیریت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رشت، رشت، ایران

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رشت

3 گروه زراعت، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران

چکیده

ایران جزء کشورهای با بیش‌ترین میزان تولید گازهای گلخانه‌ای در جهان است. سهم قابل­توجهی از مصرف انرژی­های غیرتجدیدشونده و در نتیجه اثرات زیست­­محیطی حاصل از آن در ایران، به بخش کشاورزی اختصاص دارد. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر به ارزیابی چرخه حیات تولید هندوانه به عنوان مهمترین محصول جالیزی در استان گیلان پرداخته است. داده­های اولیه از طریق پرسشنامه و مصاحبه حضوری با 58 نفر از تولیدکنندگان هندوانه در منطقه کیاشهر استان گیلان در سال 1393 جمع‌آوری شدند. اثرات زیست­­محیطی در قالب شش گروه تاثیر گرمایش جهانی، اسیدیته، اوتریفیکاسیون خشکی، تخلیه منابع فسیلی، تخلیه منابع فسفات و تخلیه منابع پتاسیم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج ارزیابی اثرات زیست‌محیطی با استفاده از ارزیابی چرخه حیات نشان داد که بیش‌ترین سهم اثرات زیست­محیطی به­ترتیب مربوط به گروه­های تأثیر اوتریفیکاسیون خشکی (185/0) و تخلیه منابع فسفات (116/0) بود. بنابراین، مدیریت مصرف بهینه کودهای شیمیایی به ویژه کود نیتروژن و فسفر و جایگزینی آن با انواع کودهای آلی و همچنین کاربرد کودهای زیستی می­تواند به کاهش اثرات منفی زیست­محیطی تولید هندوانه در استان گیلان در گروه­های تاثیر اوتریفیکاسیون خشکی و تخلیه منابع فسفات کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Environmental impacts of watermelon production in Guilan province through Life Cycle Assessment

نویسندگان [English]

  • Allahyar Mohammadi-Barsari 1
  • Saeid Firoozi 2
  • Hashem Aminpanah 3
چکیده [English]

Iran is among the biggest emitters of greenhouse gasses in the world. Agricultural sector has a remarkable role in non-renewable energy consumption and then, the environmental impacts in this country. In this regard, the environmental impacts of watermelon production as the most important melons produced in Guilan province of Iran were investigated through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The primary data were gathered using the questioners and face to face interview with 58 watermelon producers in Kiashahr region of Guilan Province in 2014. The environmental impacts were classified into six impact categories including global warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication, depletion of fossil resources, depletion of phosphate and potash resources. Results revealed that the terrestrial eutrophication (0.185) followed by depletion of phosphate resources (0.116) had the highest negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, efficient use of chemical fertilizers, specially nitrogen fertilizer and replacing them with a variety of organic fertilizers and using the bio-fertilizers can reduce the negative environmental impacts of watermelon production in terms of terrestrial eutrophication and phosphorus fertilizers groups in Guilan Province, Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Terrestrial eutrophication
  • Pollutant
  • Resource depletion
  • Global warming
  • Environmental impacts
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