ارزیابی چرخه زندگی محصول رب گوجه‌فرنگی (مطالعه موردی: استان البرز)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تهران

2 عضو هیئت علمی

چکیده

کشاورزی، صنایع غذایی و محیط زیست، بدلیل اثرپذیری از یکدیگر نمی‌توانند به صورت مجزا مورد بررسی قرار گیرند. تحقیق حاضر با رویکردی تلفیقی و با استفاده از ارزیابی چرخه‌زندگی به بررسی و ارزیابی فرایند تولید محصول رب گوجه‌فرنگی می‌پردازد.  سه مرحله‌ی تولید گوجه‌فرنگی در مزرعه، حمل محصول از مزرعه به کارخانه و تولید رب در کارخانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و مرز سامانه شامل تمامی فعالیت‌های مربوط به تولید، حمل و نقل و مصرف نهاده‌های مختلف مورد استفاده در تولید رب‌گوجه‌فرنگی بوده است (از ماده خام اولیه تا تولید رب درب کارخانه). داده‌های مورد نیاز از یکی از کارخانه‌های تولید رب در استان البرز و مزارع دو استان البرز و آذربایجان‌شرقی جمع‌آوری شد. از شاخص اثرکربن به منظور کمی کردن اثر گازهای گلخانه‌ای استفاده شد. دو واحد عملیاتی کیلوگرم کربن دی‌اکسید معادل به ازای کیلوگرم گوجه‌فرنگی و رب‌گوجه‌فرنگی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد به منظور تولید یک کیلوگرم رب گوجه‌فرنگی در حدود 02/3 کیلوگرم کربن‌دی‌اکسید تولید می‌شود و بیشترین سهم متعلق به بخش کشاورزی (28%) می‌باشد. میانگین اثرکربن در فرایند کشت گوجه‌فرنگی برابر با 22/0 کیلوگرم کربن دی‌اکسید معادل به ازای یک کیلوگرم گوجه‌فرنگی گزارش شد. نهاده‌ی الکتریسیته (آبیاری) و پس از آن کودشیمیایی بیشترین سهم را در آلایندگی کشت مزرعه‌ای به خود اختصاص دادند. مقایسه‌ی دو استان و دو سیستم آبیاری (مدرن و سنتی) در کشت گوجه‌فرنگی حکایت از تولید با اثرکربن کمتر در سامانه‌ی آبیاری قطره‌ای و در استان البرز داشت. آبیاری و نهاده کود شیمیایی به عنوان نقاط بحرانی در شاخص اثر کربن معرفی شدند. یکپارچه‌سازی مزارع به منظور مدیریت بهتر نهاده و استفاده از آبیاری قطره‌ای از نتایج تحقیق حاضر می‌باشد که منجر به کاهش اثر کربن می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Life Cycle Assessment of Paste Production (Case Study: Alborz Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyyed Hassan Pishgar-Komleh 1
  • Assadolah Akram 2
  • Alireza Keyhani 2
1 University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Agriculture (Mechanization), food industry and environment are the concepts that cannot be surveyed separately (because of their interaction). Present research aimed to study tomato paste production by applying life cycle assessment. Two functional unit of kg CO2-eq/ kg tomato and kg CO2-eq / kg paste was used. Data were collected from one paste factory in Alborz province and open-field tomato farms in Alborz and East Azerbaijan provinces. In order to evaluate the greenhouse gas effect, carbon footprint index was used. The average carbon foot print value of the paste production was 3.02 kg CO2-eq / kg paste which the tomato production had the highest share in total emission. Also, carbon foot print value of tomato production was 0.22 kg CO2-eq/ kg tomato and the highest share belonged to material and energy use emission category. In this category, the most important inputs were electricity and chemical fertilizer. Comparison of carbon foot print value between Alborz and East Azerbaijan provinces and between conventional and modern irrigation systems showed that the carbon foot print value in modern irrigation system in Alborz province is less than the other ones. Regression models between carbon footprint index and tomato cultivation area and yield was developed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carbon footprint
  • Life Cycle Assessment
  • Tomato paste
  • Alborz
  • East Azerbaijan
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