ارزیابی شاخص‌های انرژی، اقتصادی و زیست ‌محیطی در تولید گندم دیم و آبی (مطالعه موردی: استان لرستان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی ارشد مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران

2 استاد گروه ماشین های کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران

3 دکتری مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی

چکیده

بخش کشاورزی از مهم‌ترین بخش‌های تأثیرگذار بر محیط زیست است. بررسی و مدیریت اثرات زیست ‌محیطی با روش ارزیابی چرخه‌ی زندگی (LCA) می‌تواند به‌عنوان یکی از عوامل دستیابی به تولید پایدار محصولات کشاورزی مدنظر قرار گیرد. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی چرخه‌ی زندگی انرژی، اقتصادی و زیست محیطی تولید گندم در استان لرستان در سال زراعی 93-94 می‌باشد. بدین منظور تولید گندم در قالب چرخه‌ی زندگی از مراحل استخراج مواد اولیه تا تحویل محصول به سیلو، مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان انرژی نهاده با 64/12 گیگا‌ژول در هکتار به نیتروژن مصرفی از کودهای شیمیایی تعلق دارد و نیز سهم انرژی تجدید‌‌ناپذیر نسبت به انرژی تجدید‌پذیر به میزان قابل‌توجهی بیش‌تر است. شاخص‌های انرژی و اقتصادی محصول محاسبه گردید. سود خالص اقتصادی 16/59 میلیون ریال بر هکتار و نسبت سود به هزینه 58/2 در یک سال زراعی برآورد شد و این وضعیت مطلوبی از لحاظ اقتصادی برای منطقه می‌باشد. نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی تأثیرات زیست ‌محیطی محصول موردمطالعه نشان داد که بیش‌ترین بارهای محیطی ناشی از مصرف کود‌های شیمیایی به خصوص نیتروژن و فسفات، کود دامی و الکتریسیته بوده است. مزارع دیم نسبت به مزارع آبی در سطح پایین‌تری از نظر مصرف انرژی قرار دارد اما نتایج نشان داد که اثرات زیست محیطی بیشتری به ازای هر تن محصول تولیدی ایجاد می‌کنند که عمده‌ی انتشارات در اثر تولید و مصرف کود می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of the energy, economic and environmental indices of rainfed and irrigated wheat production (case study: Lorestan province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Homa Fatolahi 1
  • shahin rafiee 2
  • Sied Hashem 66. Mousavi-Avval 3
1 M. Sc. of Agricultural Mechanization, University of Tehran.
2 Professor of Agricultural Machinery Department. University of Tehran
3 Ph.D. Agricultural Mechanization. University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study is Life Cycle Assessment of wheat production from energy, economic and environmental perspectives. The study was conducted in Lorestan province in 2014/2015 production year. For this purpose, the production of wheat in the form of life cycle assessment of raw material extraction stage to delivery to the silo has been studied. The results indicated that nitrogen chemical fertilizer had the highest contribution (12.64 GJ ha-1) in total energy consumption and the portion of non-renewable energy was significantly higher than renewable energy share. Economic net return was estimated as 1815.45 $/ha annually. Also, benefit to cost ratio was 2.58, indicating economically appropriate condition of wheat production for the study area. Evaluation of environmental effects showed that the consumption of fertilizers, particularly nitrogen and phosphate, manure and electricity have greatest environmental loads, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Life cycle assessment (LCA)
  • Energy and economic indices
  • Net return
  • benefit to cost ratio
  • Environmental effect
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