بررسی تأثیر شرایط مزرعه و محصول بر عملکرد مزرعه‌ای کمباین در برداشت گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مهندسی ماشین‎های کشاورزی و مکانیزاسیون، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، اهواز، ایران

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی ماشین‌های کشاورزی و مکانیزاسیون، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، اهواز، ایران

3 دانشیار،گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، اهواز، ایرانن

چکیده

استفاده از کمباین رایج‌ترین روش برداشت گندم در ایران است. از آنجا ‌که عملیات برداشت به عنوان حساس‌ترین مرحله تولید محصول‏، تحت تاثیر عملکرد کمباین قرار دارد، لذا بررسی عملکرد کمباین از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار بوده و نیاز به ارزیابی دقیق دارد. در این مطالعه، تاثیر شرایط مزرعه و محصول بر عملکرد کمباین در برداشت گندم مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. بدین ‌منظور، آزمایشی در قالب طرح آماری فاکتوریل 3×2 نامتعادل بر پایه کرت‌های کاملا تصادفی و به صورت تحلیل کواریانس با استفاده از یک کمباین نیوهلند TC5070 مدل 2014 در مزارع کشت و صنعت شهید بهشتی شهرستان دزفول و در سال 1395 انجام گرفت. متغیرهای مستقل این تحقیق شامل مزارع با الگوی کشت متفاوت (مسطح و جوی و پشته‌ای ) و سه میزان رطوبت دانه (8 -6، 10-8 و 12-10درصد) بود؛ ظرفیت مزرعه‌ای، بازده مزرعه‌ای و تلفات محصول توسط کمباین نیز به عنوان متغیرهای وابسته و عملکرد محصول‌، درصد ورس و طول مزرعه به عنوان متغیرهای همپراش در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که الگوی کشت مزارع بر ظرفیت مزرعه‌ای، بازده مزرعه‌ای و تلفات محصول در سطح 1 % معنی‌دار است. ظرفیت مزرعه‌ای کمباین در مزارع با الگوی کشت مسطح 26/7 تن در ساعت بوده در حالی که، در مزارع جوی و پشته‌ای، معادل 73/6 تن در ساعت به دست آمد. بازده مزرعه‌ای کمباین در مزارع با الگوی کشت مسطح 70/83 درصد بود و در مزارع با الگوی کشت جوی و پشته‌ای 42/82 درصد به دست آمد. تلفات دانه در مزارع با الگوی کشت مسطح 2/24 کیلوگرم در هکتار و در مزارع با الگوی کشت جوی و پشته‌ای 7/23 کیلوگرم بر هکتار به دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Effect of Field and Crop Conditions on Combine Performance in Wheat Harvesting

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmoud Ghaseminezhad 1
  • Mohammad Faramehr 2
  • Abbas Abdeshahi 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Master of Science (MSc), Department of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Using Combine is the common method to harvest wheat in Iran. Since harvesting operations as the most sensitive stage of production affected by combine harvester performance, therefore investigating the combine harvester performance has a special importance and it’s necessary to evaluate. In this study, the effect of field and crop conditions on combine harvester performance in wheat harvesting has been investigated. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized experimental with an unbalanced 2 x 3 factorial designs and covariance analysis using a New Holland combine harvester (TC 5070 model 2014) in Shahid Beheshti’s agro industry company farms in the town of  Dezful, in 2016. Independent factors included three planting patterns (uniform row planting and furrow planting) and three levels of grain moisture contents (6-8, 8-10, 10 12 %), and dependent factors involved field capacity, field efficiency and the losses by combine. Furthermore, yield, percent of lodging and farm length were defined as covariant. The results indicated the effect of planting pattern on combine field capacity, combine field efficiency and combine losses have been significant (p value ≤ 0.01). The combine field capacity in the farms with uniform row planting pattern was 7.26 ton ha−1, while in farms with furrow planting pattern was 6.73 ton ha−1. The combine field efficiency in the farms with uniform row planting pattern was 83.70%, while in farms with furrow planting pattern was 82.42%. The losses by combine in the farms with uniform row planting pattern was 24.2 ton ha−1, while in farms with furrow planting pattern was 23.7 ton ha−1.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Combine
  • Field performance
  • Field efficiency
  • Losses and Planting patterns
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