بهبود ضریب هدایت حرارتی ماده تغییر فاز دهنده برای ذخیره‌سازی انرژی حرارتی با استفاده از فناوری نانو

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رشته مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم گرایش انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی مکانیک ماشین‌های کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

3 محقق، دانشگاه آلستر، انگلستان

چکیده

امروزه اهمیت استفاده از انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر بر کسی پوشیده نیست. در میان انواع انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، انرژی خورشیدی، بیشترین کاربرد را به خود اختصاص داده است. اما جمع‌کننده‌های خورشیدی در شب و یا هوای ابری کارآیی خود را از دست می‌دهند. ذخیره‌سازی گرمای نهان توسط مواد تغییر فاز دهنده (PCMs) می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک راه حل برای مشکل فوق به کار گرفته شود. اما اکثر PCMها، دارای ضریب هدایت حرارتی پایینی هستند. در این پژوهش برای حل این مسئله، از فناوری نانو بهره گرفته شده است. از پارافین‌واکس به‌عنوان PCM و از نانوذره اکسید آلومینیوم (Al2O3) و نانوذره مس (Cu) جهت ارتقاء خواص حرارتی آن به‌عنوان مواد نانوساختار استفاده شدند. خواص ساختاری نانوکامپوزیت‌های ساخته شده با میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی نشر میدانی مطالعه شدند. آزمایش‌ها با آزمون فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 3 عامل اصلی، شامل درصد وزنی نانوذره (در 3 سطح)، نوع نانوذره (در 2 سطح) و اندازه قطر متوسط نانوذره (در 3 سطح) و همچنین پارافین‌واکس خالص به عنوان نمونه شاهد، با 3 تکرار انجام شده است. ضریب هدایت حرارتی به عنوان مهم‌ترین پارامتر تأثیرگذار بر انتقال حرارت نانوسیالات و PCMها، در یک گستره دمایی برای هر نمونه و در فاز جامد اندازه‌گیری شد. بیشترین و کمترین مقدار آن نسبت به نمونه شاهد به ترتیب 442% و 122% افزایش داشته است. تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد اثر اندازه، نوع و غلظت نانوذره آمیخته شده در PCM، بر این ضریب در سطح 1% معنی‌دار است، همچنین در اندازه‌های مختلف نانوذرات، با افزایش غلظت، مقدار آن افزایش می‌یابد و در اندازه‌های کوچک‌تر، ضریب هدایت حرارتی بهتری مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage Using Nanotechnology

نویسندگان [English]

  • mostafa jafarian 1
  • mahmoud omid 2
  • majid khanali 2
  • Mozaffar MokhtariMotameniShirvan 3
1 PhD Student, Mechanic of Biosystem Engineering minor in renewable energies, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran.
2 Dept of Mechanical Engineering of Agriculture Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran
3 Research Associate, University of Ulster, Jordanstown, United Kingdom
چکیده [English]

Among all kinds of renewable energies, the solar energy has the greatest application compared to the other types. However, the biggest shortage of solar collectors is their low effectiveness at night or in the cloudy weather. The latent heat storage of phase change materials (PCMs) can be utilized as a solution for the above-mentioned problem. However most PCMs have low thermal conductivities. In this research aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles were used to enhance the thermal properties of Paraffin wax as a PCM. The morphology of the nanocomposites was studied by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. The experiments were performed in a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with three main factors including weight percentage (three levels), type (two levels), and size of the nanoparticles (three levels) and pure Paraffin wax used as a control sample. Thermal conductivity of nanocomposites was measured at a temperature range for each sample and in the solid phase. The highest and lowest values of thermal conductivity coefficients compared to control sample have increased 442% and 122%, respectively. Analysis of variance results showed that the size, type and concentration of nanoparticles affected thermal conductivity of nanocomposites significantly (p<0.01). In different size of nanoparticles, thermal conductivity coefficient of nanocomposites has increased with increasing of the nanoparticle concentration. Also, the highest thermal conductivity coefficient of nanocomposites was obtained at the smallest size of the nanoparticles. The highest thermal conductivity coefficients of nanocomposites were achieved by addition of Cu nanoparticles at the weight percentage of 6% and sizes of 30 and 70 nm to Paraffin wax.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nano particles
  • Phase change materials
  • Renewable Energies
  • Thermal conductivity
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