طراحی، ساخت و ارزیابی سامانه جداکننده الکترواستاتیکی ناخالصی‌های غیردانه‌ای محصولات کشاورزی (مطالعه موردی: جداسازی ذرات کاه از دانه گندم)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه فنی کشاورزی-پردیس ابوریحان- دانشگاه تهران و محقق مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی لرستان

2 2. دانشیار گروه فنی کشاورزی- پردیس ابوریحان -دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

جداسازی بذر و دانه از مهمترین مراحل فرآوری در فرآیند پس از برداشت محصولات کشاورزی است. روش الکترواستاتیکی برای جداسازی ذرات در محصولاتی که به روش معمول قابل جداسازی نیستند؛ کاربردی و قابل توسعه است. در این پروژه یک سامانه جداساز الکترواستاتیکی چرخان با الکترود کرونا و میدان الکتریکی فشار قوی برای جداسازی ذرات دانه و کاه، طراحی و مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. ذرات دانه و کاه ریخته شده بر روی یک نقاله تسمه‌ای از ناحیه کرونا، در زیر الکترود سیمی عبور می‌کرد. هر ذره بر اساس خواص الکتریکی و بار  مشخص ضمن حرکت بر روی استوانه چرخان زمینی، از داخل میدان الکتریکی نیز می‌گذشت. نیروی برآیند ناشی از اختلاف بار الکتریکی ذرات و تفاوت جرم حجمی آن‌ها منجر به اختلاف مسیر حرکت ذرات شده و آن‌ها را در چهار گروه از جعبه‌های متفاوت از هم قرار می‌داد. آزمایش‌ها در چهار سطح ولتاژ و سه سطح سرعت دورانی انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش ولتاژ از 10 تا  25 کیلو‌‌ولت و افزایش سرعت تا rpm70 بیشترین بازیابی و خلوص دانه و کاه در جعبه‌های مشخص تعبیه‌شده در زیر دستگاه را در بر داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Design, Fabrication and Evaluation of Electrostatic Separator System for Separating of Material Other Grain (MOG) in Agriculture Crops (A Case Study of Wheat Straw Separation from Wheat Grain)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Jafari 1
  • Gholamreza chegini 2
1 Ph.D. Student, Agriculture Department of Agrotechnology, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, In Pakdasht, Tehran Province, I.R.Iran & Research, Education and Extension ORG, in Khoramabad, Lorestan province, I.R.Iran
2 Professor, Agrotechnology Department of Agrotechnology, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, In Pakdasht, Tehran Province, I.R.Iran
چکیده [English]

Seed and grain separation is one of the most important steps in the post-harvest process of agriculture crops. The electrostatic method is applicable for the separation of seed from impurities when conventional methods cannot be used. In this study, a rotating electrostatic separating system with a corona electrode using a high-voltage electric field was designed and evaluated to separate grain from straw particles. The wheat and straw particles vent on belt conveyor and passed through the corona zone under the wired electrode. Each particle gained a certain amount of charge based on its electrical properties. The charged particles passed through the electric field generated by the static electrode as they moved along the ground and rotating cylinder. The resultant force due to the difference in the charge of the particles and the difference in their volume mass caused the difference in the direction of movement of the particles and poured them down into four groups of different boxes. Experiments were carried out at four levels of voltage and three levels of rotational speed of cylinder. Results showed that increasing the voltage from 10 to 25 kV and increasing the speed up to 70 rpm achieved the highest recovery and purity of grain and straw in the specified boxes embedded under the machine.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Electric Field
  • Corona Discharge
  • Rotating Cylinder
  • Rotational
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