تحلیل و پیش‌بینی آلایندگی صوتی تراکتور گلدونی با استفاده از روش‌های آماری، هوش مصنوعی و انفیس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران.

چکیده

افت شنوایی ناشی از تماس با صدای مضر یکی از مهم­ترین بیماری­های شغلی محسوب می­گردد. مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی با به­کارگیری انواع ماشین­آلات سبب بروز مشکلاتی در خصوص ایمنی و سلامت شغلی برای افراد شاغل در این عرصه می­شود. در این تحقیق، تعدادی از عوامل موثر بر سروصدای تولید شده در تراکتور باغی گلدونی مدل H. 938 مورد ارزیابی و پیش­بینی قرار گرفته­اند. آزمون‌های این پژوهش بر اساس استانداردهای بین‌المللی صدا ISO 5131 و ISO 7216 در سطوح مختلف دور موتور، موقعیت دنده، نوع جاده و فاصله میکروفن انجام شد. مجموع ترکیب­های تیماری برای استخراج سیگنال‌های صوت منتشرشده از تراکتور گلدونی با 72 تیمار و 3 تکرار به 216 مورد رسید. اطلاعات به‌دست ‌آمده به صورت آزمون فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. همچنین مدل شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و انفیس برای پیش‌بینی سطح فشار صدا با 216 الگو برای آموزش و ارزیابی ایجاد گردید. نتایج حاصل از بررسی­ها نشان داد اثر عامل‌های اصلی در سطح احتمال 1% بر سطح صدای منتشر شده از تراکتور گلدونی معنی‌دار بود. در تحلیل فرکانسی، تراز فشار صدا با افزایش فرکانس روند کاهشی داشته و در فرکانس 4000 هرتز در موقعیت گوش راننده به میزان 93/77 دسی‌بل بود. نتایج حاصل از مدل شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و انفیس در پیش­بینی سطح فشار صدای تراکتور گلدونی با بیشترین ضریب تعیین (R2) برای این پژوهش به ترتیب برابر 73/99 و 91/99 به­دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis and Prediction of Noise Pollution of Garden Tractor Using Statistical Methods, Artificial Intelligence and ANFIS

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Jahanbakhshi 1
  • Kobra Heidarbeigi 2
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2 Asistant Professor, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Hearing loss due to harmful sound is one of the most important occupational illnesses. Agricultural mechanization with the use of a variety of machinery causes problems in occupational safety and health for those working in this field. In this study, some of the factors affecting the noise generated by a garden tractor (H.938 Model) were evaluated and predicted. The tests were performed according to international standards of sound such as ISO 5131 and ISO 7216 at different engine speeds, gear positions, road type and microphone distance. The total number of treatment combinations for extracting sound signals released by the garden tractor reached 216 with 72 treatments and three repetitions. The obtained data were analyzed in the form of a factorial test based on a completely random plan. Besides, Artificial Neural Network and ANFIS model was created to predict the sound level in the aforementioned tractor with 216 patterns for training and assessment. The results of the research showed that the effect of the main factors on the level of sound emitted by the garden tractor were significant at probability level of 1%. The results of frequency analysis showed that noise pressure level decreases according to increase in frequency and the sound intensity that reaches the driver's ear is equal to 77.93 dB at the frequency of 4000 Hz. The results of Artificial Neural Network and ANFIS model for forecasting the Sound pressure level of the garden tractor with the highest coefficient of determination (R2) for this research were 99.73 and 99.91, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Garden Tractor
  • Sound Pressure Level
  • Frequency Analysis
  • Exposure Time
  • Prediction
Ali Abadi, M., Chavoshi, E., & Haj Ali Zadeh, H. (2012). Determination of noise pollution propagated from agricultural tractors and its driver’s noise exposure level. Health and Safety at Work, 2(2), 43-52. (In Farsi).
Aybek, A., Kamer, H. A., & Arslan, S. (2010). Personal noise exposures of operators of agricultural tractors. Applied Ergonomics, 41(2), 274-281.
Behroozi Lar, M., Pour, Z. K., Payandeh, M., & Bagheri, J. (2011). Noise level of two types of tractor and health effect on drivers. Journal of American science, 7(5), 382-387.
Ehlers, J. J., & Graydon, P. S. (2011). Noise-induced hearing loss in agriculture: creating partnerships to overcome barriers and educate the community on prevention. Noise and Health13(51), 142.
Emam, M. A. (2012). Prediction of agricultural tractor noise levels using artificial neural networks. International Journal of Current Research4(1), 170-176.
Hassan-Beygi, S. R., Ghobadian, B., Amiri Chayjan, R., & Kianmehr, M. H. (2009). Prediction of power tiller noise levels using a back propagation algorithm. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology11, 147-160.
Hassan-Beygi, S. R., Ghobadian, B., Amiri Chayjan, R., & Kianmehr, M. H. (2010). Prediction of power tiller noise levels using a back propagation algorithm. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 11, 147-160.
Hassan-Beygi, S. R.; Ghobadian, B.; Kianmehr, M. H.; & Chayjan, R. A. (2007). Prediction of a power tiller sound pressure levels in octave frequency bands using artificial neural networks. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 3(9), 494-496.
Hosseinpour, R., Jafari Naeimi, K., & Ghotbi Ravandi, M. R. (2015). Evaluation of noise pollution levels due to four-wheel harvesting machines in bystanders and machine drivers. Journal of Health & Development. 4(1), 52-64. (In Farsi).
ISO 5131. (1996). Acoustics: Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry measurement of noise at operator’s position.
ISO 7216. 1992. Acoustics: Agricultural and forestry wheeled tractors and self-propelled machines. Measurement of noise emitted when in motion.
Jahanbakhshi, A. (2016). Study of vibration and acoustic emission in john deere 1055I combine. M.Sc. dissertation, Ilam University, Iran. (In Farsi).
Jahanbakhshi, A., Ghamari, B., & Heidarbeigi, K. (2016). Effect of engine rotation speed and gear ratio on the acoustic emission of John Deere 1055I combine harvester. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal18(3), 106-112.
Jahanbakhshi, A., Ghamari, B., & Heidarbeigi, K. (2017). Assessing acoustic emission in 1055I John Deere combine harvester using statistical and artificial intelligence methods. International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration13(2), 105-117.
Jaliliantabar, F., Rabbani, H., Lorestani, A., Javadikia, P., & Gholami, R. (2013). Noise evaluation of MF285 and U650 tractors by using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) method. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science5, 741.
Jaliliantabar, F., Rabbani, H., Lorestani, A., Javadikia, P., & Gholami, R. (2012). Noise evaluation of MF285 tractor while pulling a trailer in an asphalt road. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 14(4), 50-55.
Lashgari, M., & Maleki, A. (2015a). Comparison of sound pressure level of noise emitted by two conventional combines in Iran and assessment of related factors. Iran Occupational Health, 12(4), 11-20. (In Farsi).
Lashgari, M., & Maleki, A. (2015b). Psychoacoustic evaluation of a garden tractor noise. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 17(3).
Maleki, A.,  & Lashgari, M. (2013). Assessment of noise pressure level and frequency analysis of garden tractor. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization, 1(2), 9-15. (In Farsi)
Maleki, A.,& Lashgari, M. (2014). Analysis of Combine Harvester Sound Pressure Level in One-Third Octave Band Frequency. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 4(2), 154-165. (In Farsi).
Mohammadi, A. (2016). Investigation of vibration status in ITM 475 tractor. M.Sc. dissertation, Ilam University, Iran. (In Farsi).
Monazzam, M. R., Nadri, F., Khanjani, N., Ghotbi Ravandi, M. R., Nadri, H., Barsam, T., Shamsi, N., Akbari, H., & Akbari, H. (2012). Tractor drivers and bystanders noise exposure in different engine speeds and gears. Journal Mil Med, 14(2), 149-154.
Moradvand, B. (2016). The effect engine speed and gear ratio on acoustic emission of john deere 3350 and new holland tm155 tractors. M.Sc. dissertation, Razi University, Iran. (In Farsi).
NIOSH., 1998. Criteria for a Recommended Standard, Occupational Noise Exposure, Revised Criteria. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Publication No. 98–126, Washington D.C., USA.
Qunying, J., Qianhua, W., Kuifu, C., & Daxing, Z. (1993). The excitations and characteristics of the vibration of walking tractors handle using isolators. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, 24(4), 74-79.
Suggs, C. W. (1987). Noise characteristics of field equipment. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection)(USA).