ارزیابی فنی امکان استفاده از پلت کود گوسفندی برای تأمین انرژی پخت‌‌وپز خانگی عشایر ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشه، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به مشکلات فراوان عشایر در تامین انرژی پخت­و­پز خانگی، هدف این تحقیق بررسی اولیه امکان استفاده از فضولات گوسفندی، به‌عنوان سوخت جایگزین به‌ویژه در زمان‌های اضطرار برای عشایر است. به‌همین‌منظور، فضولات گوسفندی به‌صورت پلت به‌طول 38 و قطر 6/13میلی‌متر تهیه و در یک اجاق میکروگازیفایر توسعه یافته، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همه آزمون‌های ارزیابی بر اساس پروتکل آزمون آلایندگی و عملکرد انجام شد و طی آن در هر آزمون مقدار سه لیتر آب و 800 گرم پلت کود گوسفندی استفاده شد. پس از اندازه­گیری خصوصیات توصیفی پلت­ها، با استفاده از نتایج و مدل­های ارائه شده در پژوهش­های پیشین، ارزش حرارتی سوخت مورد استفاده محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که طی استفاده از پلت کود گوسفندی با مصرف 473 گرم سوخت و با آهنگ مصرف 7/14 گرم در هر دقیقه، مقدار 3 لیتر آب در مدت زمان 16 دقیقه به­جوش رسیده که براساس مطالعات پیشین، مدت زمان مناسب و قابل قبولی است. توان اجاق 4/3 کیلو وات و بازدهی حرارتی آن با سوخت فضولات گوسفندی 28 درصد و مقدار توان مفید که برایند این دو پارامتر است 952/0 کیلو وات اندازه­گیری شد. مقایسه نتایج ارزیابی آلایندگی با استاندارد­های بین‌المللی از جمله استاندارد EPA نشان داد که میزان انتشار مونوکسیدکربن بیشتر از حد مجاز نبوده است. از نتایج این پژوهش می­توان نتیجه گرفت که پلت کود گوسفندی هم از لحاظ فنی و هم از لحاظ آلایندگی قابل‌استفاده به‌عنوان سوخت اجاق میکروگازیفایر برای پخت­وپز خانگی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Technical Evaluation of Utilization of Sheep Dung Pellet for Household Cooking Energy Supply in Iranian Nomadic Life

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammadali Ebrahimi-Nik 1
  • Mohammadreza Rasoulkhani 1
  • Abdollah Rahimi Damirchi Dorsi Olya 1
  • Hamid Mohammadi Nezhad 2
  • Mohammad Hossein Abbaspour-Fard 1
1 Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Fuel supply for cooking among Iranian nomads have always been problematic job. The use of wood as a source of energy is very common in nomads. Traditional method of firing releases a huge amount of smoke, which may lead to respiratory problems in women. Moreover, collection of wood corresponds to destroy of natural resources. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of using ship dung (as the most available biomass in nomadic life), as a cleaner cooking fuel in an improved biogas stove. In this research a micro gasifier biomass cook stove as an improved biomass cook stove was evaluated based on Emission & Performance Test Protocol. Sheep dung pellets of 38 mm length and 13.6 mm diameter was used as biofuel. In addition to measurement of descriptive characteristics, the heating value of fuel was estimated based on elemental analyzing results and the models presented in previous researches. Emission of Carbon monoxide was monitored throughout the test. No smoke was observed during the stove operation. The thermal power of the stove was measured to be 3.4 kW. With the efficiency of 28 percent, 3 L of water got to boiling point in 16 min consuming 440 g of pellet. The average amount of emitted CO was recorded to be acceptable range. The results of micro gasifier biomass cook stove evaluation with sheep dung pellet as fuel showed that, this devise has a good technical and emission performance with this fuel and it can be used for nomad’s household. Further on field research is needed to adjust the stove size and design to the common life style of nomads.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Thermochemical Conversion
  • Renewable Energy
  • Thermal Efficiency
  • Pyrolysis
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