تغییرات فیزیکی میوه زیتون و ویژگی‏های فیزیکی و شیمیایی روغن زیتون فرابکر رقم روغنی کشت داده شده در استان گلستان طی دوره رسیدگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی- واحد صفادشت، کرج، ایران

2 استادیار، پژوهشکده صنایع غذایی و فراورده های کشاورزی، پژوهشگاه استاندارد ، کرج ، ایران

3 استادیار گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی- واحد صفادشت، کرج، ایران

4 استادیار گروه پژوهشی مواد غذایی ، پژوهشکده صنایع غذایی و فراورده های کشاورزی، پژوهشگاه استاندارد، کرج، ایران

چکیده

در این پژوهش، بهترین زمان برداشت میوه زیتون رقم روغنی استان گلستان، با بررسی ویژگی‏های فیزیکی وشیمیایی روغن استحصال شده از آن در ماه‏های مهر، آبان و آذر تعیین شد. بیشترین نسبت میوه به هسته و میزان اسید اولئیک (60/62 درصد)، در دوره سوم برداشت به دست آمد. پس از آن، به ترتیب، اسید پالمیتیک (66/18 درصد)، اسید لینولئیک (33/16 درصد) و اسید استئاریک (3 درصد) بیشترین میزان اسیدهای چرب را داشتند. نسبت اسید اولئیک به اسید لینولئیک، میزان اسیدیته و مقدار فنول کل طی دوان رسیدگی روند افزایشی داشت. بیشترین ترکیب استرولی بتاسیتواسترول (از 22/83 الی 08/90 درصد) بود که به همراه عدد پراکسید ( از 05/2 الی 05/7 (meqO2/kg oil)) طی سه دوره برداشت روند نزولی داشت. با توجه به افزایش نسبت اسید اولئیک به اسید لینولئیک و نیز بالابودن نسبت کمپسترول به استیگمااسترول، بهترین زمان برداشت زیتون رقم روغنی استان گلستان، دوره سوم برداشت (آذر) تعیین شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Physical Changes of Olive Fruit and Physicochemical Properties of Extra Virgin Olive Oil of Roughani Variety Cultivated in Golestan Province During the Maturation Period

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jafar Gharagozlo 1
  • Anosheh Rahmani 2
  • Masoud Homapour 3
  • Ladan Rashidi 4
1 Master student of Department of Food Science and Technology, Safadasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Prof, Food Technology and Agricultural Products Research Center, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran
3 Assistant Prof, Department of Food Science and Technology, Safadasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Prof, Department of Food and Agricultural Products, Food Technology and Agricultural Products Research Center, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In this study, the best time to harvest olive oil of Roughani variety in Golestan province was determined by examining the physicochemical properties in the months of October, November and December. The highest fruit-to-core ratio and the amount of oleic acid (62.60%) were obtained in the third harvest period. After that, palmitic acid (18.66%), linoleic acid (16.33%) and stearic acid (3%), respectively, accounted for the largest amount of fatty acids. The ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid, the amount of acidity, and the amount of total phenol increased during fruit ripening. The highest sterol compound was beta-sitosterol (from 83.22 to 90.02%), which, along with peroxide ((2.05 to 7.05 (meqO2/kg oil)), declined over three harvesting periods. Due to increasing the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid and also the high ratio of cholesterol to stigmasterol, the best time to harvest olives for Roughani variety of Golestan province was determined in the third period of harvest (December).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • maturity
  • virgin olive oil
  • olives
  • harvest time
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