تاثیر عصاره‌ آبی بره موم حاصل از روش‌های مختلف استخراج به‌عنوان نگهدارنده طبیعی در شیر خام

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 گروه صنایع غذایی و تبدیل پژوهشکده فناوری های شیمیایی سازمان پژوهش های علمی و صنعتی ایران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

ویژگی­های ضد میکروبی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره آبی بره موم حاصل از روش­های مختلف استخراج (خیساندن، سوکسله، مایکروویو و اولتراسونیک) بر کیفیت شیر خام مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ویژگی­های شیمیایی (pH و اسیدیته)، میکروبی (شمارش کلی، کلی‌فرم ، کپک و مخمر) و ارگانولپتیک (رنگ و بو) شیر حاوی عصاره 6 درصد در طی مدت نگهداری (۱۲ و ۹۶ ساعت به ترتیب در دمای ۳۰ و 5 درجه سلسیوس) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بیشترین مقدار ترکیبات فنلی کل و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره در روش سوکسله به ترتیب، ۱/0±4/7 (گرم/100گرم) و ۸/1±0/52 درصد حاصل شد. روش خیساندن با وجود کمترین مقدار ترکیبات فنلی کل و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی (6/0±6/2 گرم/100گرم و 2/2±0/26 درصد) به ترتیب نسبت به مهار رشد تعداد کل باکتریایی (log cfu/ml 0/0±0/6 و 0/0±9/6)، مخمرها (log cfu/ml 0/0±۵/4 و 0/0±0/4) و کلی‌فرم (log cfu/ml 1/0±1/5 و 0/0±1/4) در پایان زمان نگهداری به ترتیب در دماهای 5 و 30 درجه سلسیوس نسبت به گروه کنترل، اثر مناسب­تری از خود نشان داد که نشان­دهنده عملکرد بهتر این روش در استخراج ترکیبات موثر در مهار میکروارگانیسم­ها می­باشد. عصاره بره موم حاصل از روش‌های مختلف عصاره­گیری در اکثر موارد مانع از کاهش pH و افزایش اسیدیته قابل تیتراسیون در طول زمان نگهداری در دو دما نسبت به کنترل شد. تاثیر منفی روی رنگ و بوی شیر خام در هیچ کدام از نمونه­ها مشاهده نشد. افزودن عصاره ماندگاری نمونه­ها را نسبت به کنترل در دمای 30 و 5 درجه سلسیوس، در کلیه روش­­های استخراج بجز روش سوکسله به ترتیب 3 و 24 ساعت افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Propolis Obtained from Different Extraction Methods as a Natural Preservative on Raw Milk

نویسندگان [English]

  • Siamak Gheibi 1
  • Narges Malekjani 1
  • Majid Javanmard Dakheli 2
1 Department of Food Science, Agricultural Science Faculty, Guilan University. Rasht-Iran
2 Food technologies group, Chemical technologies department, Iranian research organization for science and technologies, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The effect of aqueous extracts of propolis gained using different extraction methods (soaking, Soxhlet, microwave and ultrasound) on the raw milk quality was investigated. Chemical (pH and acidity), microbial (total count, coliform, yeast and mold) and sensory (color and odor) properties were evaluated at 30 and 5 for 12 and 96 h, respectively. The highest amount of total phenolic compounds (7.4±0.1 (g/100g) and the antioxidant activity (52.0±1.8%) was observed in the Soxhlet extract. Despite the lowest amount of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity (2.6±0.6 g /100 g and 26±2.2%, respectively), soaking showed a more appropriate effect regarding growth inhibition of total bacterial counts (6.0±0.0 and 6.9±0.0 log cfu/ml), yeasts (4.5±0.0 and 4.0±0.0 log cfu/ml) and coliforms (5.1±0.1 and 4.1±0.0 log cfu/ml) at both temperatures of 5 and 30 compared to the control group showing the better performance of this methods in the extraction of the effective inhibiting compounds. The propolis extracts obtained from different extraction methods were effective in controlling pH and acidity in both temperatures during storage compared to the control samples. No organoleptic changes were observed during storage of the samples. Propolis extract (except extract gained by Soxhlet) extended the shelf life of milk at 30 and 5 for 3 and 24 h, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Extraction methods
  • Microbial count
  • Propolis
  • Raw milk
  • Total phenolic compounds
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