بهینه‌سازی تولید بریکت‌ سوختی از ضایعات هرس درختان شهری و چمن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم-دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد ، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد ، ایران

چکیده

چکیده: تبدیل ضایعات هرس درختان شهری و چمن به‌عنوان منابع لیگنوسلوزی فراوان و در دسترس به سوخت‌های جامد زیستی می‌توان جایگزین مناسبی برای منابع سوخت‌های فسیلی و آلاینده محیط زیستی باشد. در این مطالعه از باقی‌مانده هرس درختان شهری (توت، نارون، اقاقیا و زبان‌گنجشک) و چمن با استفاده از پیونددهنده طبیعی (کندر) اقدام به تولید بریکت قابل اشتعال گردید. سپس چگالی و اصطکاک بهینه بریکت­های تولیدشده تحت تأثیر پارامترهای فشار، رطوبت، دما، درصد اختلاط خاک اره و چمن، مواد افزودنی، به کمک روش‌های رگرسیون، ماشین بردار پشتیبان و الگوریتم ژنتیک موردبررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش رطوبت بین 9 تا 17 درصد، چگالی بریکت­ها کاهش می‌یابد. همچنین بررسی درصد اختلاط نشان داد که هر چه درصد خاک‌اره کمتر و درصد چمن بیشتر باشد، چگالی و اصطکاک کاهش می­یابند. بهینه‌ترین نمونه با درصد اختلاط 5/87 درصد خاک‌اره، 10 درصد کُندر، با دمای 100 درجه سانتی­گراد، فشار 10 بار و رطوبت 13 درصد تعیین گردید. در این حالت بریکت‌ها دارای 1020 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب چگالی و نیروی اصطکاک 44 نیوتن بر میلی­متر می‌باشد. نتایج نشان داد که مدل رگرسیونی آزمون چگالی و اصطکاک مربوط به متغیرها در سطح 5 درصد معنی­دار هستند، ازاین‌رو، متغیرها در توضیح اصطکاک و چگالی دخیل هستند. بر طبق نتایج، ارزش حرارتی بالا و ارزش حرارتی پایین بریکت تولیدی از چمن و خاک‌اره بیشتر است. و ارزش حرارتی مواد افزودنی به دلیل اثر چسبندگی بالا تأثیر بسزایی درروند تولید بریکت داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimizing the Production of Fuel Briquettes from Pruning Wastes of Urban Trees and Grass

نویسندگان [English]

  • imanali mamani 1
  • Mohammad hossein Aghkhani 1
  • Mehdi Khojastehpour 2
  • Abbas Rohani 1
1 Dept of biosystems Engineering School of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad. Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract: Conversion of tree and grass pruning wastes, as abundant and available lignocellulosic sources, into biofuels can be a viable alternative to fossil fuels that pollute the environment. In the present study, flammable briquettes were produced from the pruning remnants of urban trees including mulberry, elm, acacia and ash, as well as grass using a natural binder i.e. frankincense. Then, the optimal density and friction of the produced briquettes under the influence of pressure, moisture, temperature, mixing percentage and additive parameters were investigated using regression methods, support vector machine (SVM) and genetic algorithm. The results showed that with increasing moisture between 9 to 17%, the density of briquettes decreases. Also, the examination of mixing percentage showed that by decreasing the percentage of sawdust and increasing the percentage of grass, density and friction force decrease. The most optimal sample of this experiment was determined with a mixing percentage of 87.5% sawdust and frankincense 10% at a temperature of 100 °C, a pressure of 10 bar and a moisture content of 13%. In this case, the average density and friction force of the briquettes were 1020 kg/m3 and 44 N/mm respectively. The results showed that regression model of the density and friction test related variables are significant at 5% level. Hence, the variables are involved in the explanation of friction and density. According to the results, the high calorific value and low calorific value of briquettes produced from grass and sawdust are more, and the calorific value of additives has a significant impact on the process of briquette production due to the high sticking effect.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Density
  • Friction
  • Briquette
  • Urban tree pruning waste
  • grass (calorific value)
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