طراحی، ساخت و ارزیابی ماشین برداشت نخود پا کوتاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم- دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه،ایران

چکیده

در حال حاظر برداشت نخود به صورت دستی انجام می­گیرد. لذا در این پژوهش ماشین برداشت نخود طراحی، ساخته و ارزیابی گردید. دماغه این ماشین دارای انگشتی­های لخت کننده بوته بوده و غلاف­های نخود با قرار گرفتن بر روی انگشتی­ها از بوته­ها جدا می­گردند. زاویه، طول و فاصله انگشتی­های دماغه از یکدیگر، نیروی وارده بر انگشتی­ها، دندانه‌های تمیز کننده و سیستم مکش از مهمترین پارامترهای طراحی این ماشین بودند. ارزیابی­های مزرعه­ای در چهار سطح از سرعت پیشروی 5/2، 5/3، 5/4 و 5/5 کیلومتر بر ساعت انجام شد و میزان تلفات مربوط به غلاف­های نخود باقی مانده بر روی بوته­ها­ (p d) و تلفات مربوط به غلاف­های نخود ریخته شده بر روی زمین (p r) اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش سرعت پیشروی، مقدار هر دو نوع تلفات ابتدا کاهش و سپس افزایش یافتند. کمترین مقدار تلفات p d و p r به ترتیب برابر با 58/1% و 71/2% محصول مزرعه بوده و در سرعت­ پیشروی 5/4 کیلومتر بر ساعت ایجاد گردیدند. همچنین ارزیابی­های مزرعه­ای اثبات نمودند که این ماشین قادر می­باشد عملیات برداشت را با سرعت پیشروی حداقلی 5/1 برابر و حداکثری 04/2 برابر نسبت به مکانیزم­های غلاف چینی قبلی و با مقدار تلفات مجاز کمتر از 5% انجام دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Design, fabrication and evaluation of a short-legged chickpea harvest machine

نویسندگان [English]

  • Asad Modares Motlagh 1
  • Vahid Rostampour 2
  • Kamran Mardani 1
1 Mechanics of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia,Iran
2 Mechanics of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University,Urmia,Iran
چکیده [English]

Currently, chickpea harvest is carried out manually. Therefore, in this study a chickpea harvest machine was designed, fabricated and evaluated. The header of this machine has bush stripping fingers and pods separate from the bushes by standing in between the fingers. Fingers’ angle, Fingers’ length, distance of the fingers from each other, forces applied to the fingers, cleaning cogs and the suction system were from the most important design parameters. Farm evaluations were carried out in four different speeds: 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 Km/hr and the amount of loss related to remained pods on the bushes (Pd) and losses related to spilled pods on the ground (Pr) were measured. Results showed that, with increasing forward speed, the amount of both types of losses, at first decreased and then increased. The minimum amount of Pd losses and Pr losses were 1.58% and 2.71% respectively which were obtained in the forward speed of 4.5 km/hr. Also, field evaluations have proven that this machine can perform harvest operations with a minimum forward speed of 1.5 times and a maximum of 2.04 times compared to previous gleaning mechanisms and with a permissible loss of less than 5%.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chickpea
  • Harvesting losses
  • Machine design
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